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Biomedical subjects

R V Talmage

Publications and source records attributed to R V Talmage.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Are calcium intakes and physical activity patterns during adolescence related to radial bone mass of white college-age females?

The determinants of bone mass, i.e., size and density, in young adult women after cessation of growth in length of the bones are not well understood. Usual dietary calcium (Ca) intakes and physical activity (PA) patterns during the post-pubertal half-decade have been considered as two important factors contributing to bone mass. In the present hypothesis-generating cross-sectional study, radial bone mineral content and density were measured by single-photon absorptiometry at two sites containing different proportions of trabecular and cortical bone tissue in 705 healthy, Caucasian college women (18-22 years). Ca intake during high school and college, as estimated by milk and cheese intake only, was categorized into low, moderate and high groups; and physical activity, estimated during the same time frame, was also categorized into low, moderate and high groups. Bone measurements were related to both long-term dietary Ca intake from milk and cheese and long-term PA in sports, dance or other exercises, as assessed by recall. By univariate analyses, both distal and mid-radial bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (BMD) were found to be positively related to gynecological age (GA) (p less than 0.01). Also, independent effects of long-term Ca intake (p less than 0.05) on distal BMC and BMD, and of long-term PA (p less than 0.05) on distal and mid-BMC and BMD were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Lactation history and bone mineral density among perimenopausal women.

To examine the relation between lactation and bone mineral density, we conducted a cross-sectional study among white, nonsmoking, perimenopausal women age 40-54. Three hundred fifty-two women completed a questionnaire covering medical and reproductive histories, physical activity, and diet. We measured the bone density of lumbar vertebrae 2-4 with dual photon absorptiometry, and the midradius and distal radius with single photon absorptiometry. Women with a history of lactation had 41 mg per cm2 higher lumbar bone mineral density than women with no lactation (95% confidence interval = 8-74 mg per cm2), controlling for parity, body mass, physical activity, and menopausal status. We found no important increase at mid- or distal radius.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Monocytic origin of fibroblasts: spontaneous transformation of blood monocytes into neo-fibroblastic structures in osteomyelosclerosis and Engelmann's disease.

We describe here two pathological situations, osteomyelosclerosis and Engelmann's disease, in which HLA-DR blood monocytes modulate to the fibroblastic class, in long-term culture. Monocytes/macrophages were identified by immunofluorescence, using monoclonal antibodies against surface markers (Leu M3, CD 68, and HLA-DR) and the neo-fibroblasts by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies against a cytoplasmic enzyme specifically involved in the synthesis of collagen (5B5). Macrophages makers were found on the neo-fibroblasts, whereas HLA-DR macrophages expressed the cytoplasmic marker 5B5. Since osteoblasts are classically derived from fibroblasts, the significance of the in vitro differentiation of monocytes/macrophages into fibroblasts to the in vivo mechanism leading to excessive osteoblastic proliferation in both osteomyelosclerosis and Engelmann's disease, is discussed. The possible involvement of this pathway leading from monocytes to fibroblasts and osteoblasts in the normal process of bone modeling and remodeling in questioned.

Camurati-Engelmann Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Update on the use of distal radial bone density measurements in prediction of hip and Colles' fracture risk.

A controversy has developed around the question as to whether bone density values from the distal radius can be used to accurately predict risk of future fractures. To address this question, two separate studies were undertaken: (a) Bone density was measured in 460 healthy ambulatory women living in retirement centers in the state of North Carolina; 83% of these women were followed for up to 60 months for occurrence of minimal trauma hip and wrist fractures. Thirty-one minimal trauma fractures were reported in our study population, representing 8% of those followed. The fracture incidence density rate showed a close inverse relationship with incremental changes in bone density at the distal site. Twenty-eight of the 31 fractures were reported in women with bone density values below the 325-mg/cm2 "at risk" value. (b) Bone density values of the distal radius and the lumbar spine from 360 women (aged 18-85 years) from the Chapel Hill area were used to analyze the error in predicting individual spinal density from the distal radial density. Although the overall correlation was high (r = 0.67) and the confidence intervals were narrow, the prediction intervals were quite wide. Thus, prediction of an individual value of spine density from the distal radius density would result in a value with a range too wide to be clinically useful. We conclude that single-photon absorptiometry appears to be a useful tool for screening normal populations of asymptomatic women for prediction of hip or Colles' fracture risk even though it has limited usefulness in prediction of spinal fracture risk or individual values for spinal density.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

An interpretation of acute changes in plasma 45Ca following parathyroid hormone administration to thyroparathyroidectomized rats.

Acute changes in plasma calcium and 45Ca were studies in young adult male thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats injected with moderate doses of parathyroid hormone (PTH). For plasma calcium changes, comparison was made between rats fasted or fed prior to PTH injection. For plasma 45Ca changes, the effect of the time of administration of the radionuclide was also studied; this included rats injected with PTH 1 h after radionuclide ("1 h 45Ca"), 18 h later ("18 h 45Ca") and more than 6 days later ("6 day 45Ca"). The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Plasma calcium changes were greater when PTH was injected into "fed" rather than into "fasted" rats. (2) PTH always produced a relative increase (compared to controls tested concurrently) in plasma 45Ca concentrations. This increase was the same in the "1 h 45Ca" and the "18 h 45Ca" group. (3) Plasma 45Ca rose at least temporarily following PTH injection in the "18 h 45Ca" group. (4) The 45Ca rise following PTH was always greater in "fed" than in "fasted" groups. (5) Plasma 45Ca specific activities (S.A.) tended to rise in the "6 day 45Ca" group and to fall in the "18 h 45Ca" group, following PTH injection. However, the 45Ca S.A. was always higher in fed than fasted groups. (6) In a few experiments in which 32P was injected with 45Ca, specific activity changes in plasma 45Ca following PTH injection were not accompanied by similar changes in 32P specific activity. These results could not be adequately explained by PTH effects on bone resorption, but the data supported the postulate that PTH controls plasma calcium concentrations by increasing transport of calcium through the osteocyte-lining cell (osteoblast) bone cell complex from the bone fluid compartment to the ECF.

Animals↗