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Biomedical subjects

R Van Dyck

Publications and source records attributed to R Van Dyck.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Self-monitoring of panic attacks and retrospective estimates of panic: discordant findings.

An event sampling method was used to study the frequency of panic attacks during treatment of agoraphobics. Results revealed a much lower incidence of panic attacks in agoraphobics according to self-monitoring than was expected on account of their retrospective estimation. When more stringent criteria for panic attacks are applied, retrospective overestimation becomes even more apparent. The implication of this finding for the classification of panic disorder patients is discussed.

Agoraphobia↗
PubMed1992

Autogenic training and self-hypnosis in the control of tension headache.

This study compares autogenic training and training in multiple self-hypnosis strategies in a sample of 56 patients diagnosed as having chronic tension headache on the basis of medical evaluation by a neurologist. At posttreatment and follow-up, no differences between the two treatment regimens in the reduction of headache and psychological distress were observed. During treatment, patients reduced their headache activity and level of psychological distress significantly in contrast to the waiting-list period (p < 0.05). Follow-up measurements indicated that therapeutic improvement was maintained (p < 0.05). Short-term and long-term pain reduction was accompanied by an increase in perceived pain control (p < 0.003). Moreover, those patients who attributed the pain reduction obtained during therapy to their own efforts manifested long-term pain reduction (p < 0.003).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

Hypnosis: placebo or nonplacebo?

According to Grünbaum's definition of placebo, a therapeutic procedure can be considered a nonplacebo if it can be demonstrated that its effects are produced according to the theory upon which the therapy is based. If the theory is adopted that hypnotic effects depend upon mobilization of the patient's hypnotizability, which is a measurable characteristic, a testable theory is provided. Experimental literature is reviewed that shows that placebo effects are not related to hypnotizability. Clinical outcome studies make it clear that results of hypnotherapy are related to hypnotizability in some disorders such as pain and anxiety, but not in the treatment of addiction or habit disorders. An example of a procedure is given in which hypnosis is nonetheless usefully applied for its placebo value as a method to generate positive expectancies.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Does hypnosis contribute to the care of burn patients? Review of the evidence.

In burn treatment, hypnosis has been used for the alleviation of pain, the prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression, and the acceleration of wound healing. The successful application of hypnosis decreases the extensive medication needed. Furthermore, it provides a tool to patients with which they may experience more control in situations that are often experienced as overwhelming. Notwithstanding these important applications and the very positive terms with which the results of studies are generally described, hypnosis has mostly been neglected as a tool to help burn patients. This article reviews the clinical and experimental evidence of the usefulness of hypnosis in the management of burns. Pain reduction and crisis intervention are promising applications. However, due to a lack of systematic and controlled research, more specific conclusions are precluded. In the controversial area of wound healing, claims for the effectiveness of hypnosis have been made on the basis of slim evidence and inconclusive studies. This hypothesis needs to be addressed in controlled experiments. In summary, systematic investigations are needed to confirm and supplement available clinical evidence. Recommendations for future research are given.

Burns↗
PubMed1989

The effectiveness of standardized versus individualized hypnotic suggestions: a brief communication.

The results of a number of studies indicate that hypnotizability is a relatively stable trait that has some predictive value for therapy outcome. Some authors argue, however, that hypnotizability scores are artifacts of standardized test procedures, and that more people will benefit from hypnosis when a broader range of suggestions is used. The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of standardized versus individualized suggestions. In a crossover design, counterbalanced for order of presentation, 48 Ss were tested twice: once with the Stanford Hypnotic Clinical Scale: Adult (SHCS: Adult) of Morgan and J. R. Hilgard (1975) and once with an individualized equivalent of SHCS: Adult. The results of this comparison showed no significant differences between the 2 methods. The present study does not support the concept of hypnotizability scores as artifacts of standardized measurements.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Hypnosis and conversion disorders.

A review of the literature shows that presently held views on the relation between hypnosis and conversion disorders had their origin in the previous century. This also holds for therapeutic techniques as they are still applied today. A case report illustrates that successful symptom removal may be independent of the patient's hypnotizability and of the techniques used.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hypnosis and pain in patients with severe burns: a pilot study.

This report presents a pilot study on the effectiveness of hypnosis in the control of pain during dressing changes of burn patients. Eight patients were treated, and all evaluated the interventions as beneficial. The treatment of four patients was more closely analysed by obtaining pain and anxiety ratings daily. Results show a 50-64 per cent decrease in reported pain level for three patients and a 52 per cent increase of pain for one patient. The mean decrease for these four patients was 30 per cent (for overall as well as worst pain during dressing changes). A 30 per cent reduction of anxiety level and a modest reduction of medication use were achieved concurrently. It is concluded that hypnosis is of potential value during dressing changes of burn patients. Comparison of global evaluations and daily pain ratings shows that systematic research in some cases leads to conclusions opposite from clinical observations or follow-up evaluations. Limitations of this study are discussed and recommendations for future studies are given.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Strategic brief psychotherapy].

The brief strategic therapy (directive therapy)--an active psychotherapy--is derived from the hypnotic technique of Erickson as well as from the communications and systems theories. The author describes five characteristical points of this therapy. Interactions and task prescriptions are the most important instrument of the directive therapy. The number of session is generally limited. Therapist and patient determine concrete and accurate goals for the therapy. Patient's problems should be set in a positive context. About theory and practice, the therapist adopts an eclectic and pragmatic attitude. The author develops these points and illustrates them with clinical vignettes.

Adult↗
PubMed1972

Hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, and inability to excrete hydrogen ions.

Investigation of a patient with hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia, and nephrocalcinosis failed to lead to a clear diagnosis. Neither primary hyperparathyroidism nor primary incomplete renal tubular acidosis could explain all the biochemical features, and it seems that more than one fundamental abnormality may have been present.

Acidosis↗