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Biomedical subjects

R Visvanathan

Publications and source records attributed to R Visvanathan.

31 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effect of luminal acidification on guinea pig gastric mucosa.

H+ secretion was studied in guinea pig fundic mucosa incubated in (A) bicarbonate-Ringer's gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2, or (B) HEPES gassed with 100% O2 before and after luminal pH was lowered to 2.0 for periods up to 90 min. At pH 2.0 for 60 min, H+ secretion in group A tissues fell by 35 +/- 4% (P = 0.02) from a control rate of 1.35 +/- 0.09 mu eq/cm2/hr and in group B tissues by 50 +/- 11% (P = 0.01) from a control rate of 1.59 +/- 0.08 mu eq/cm2/hr. After 90 min at pH 2.0, H+ secretion in group A fell by 53 +/- 8% (P = 0.02) from a control rate of 1.47 +/- 0.07 mu eq/cm2/hr and in group B fell by 44 +/- 6% (P = 0.01) from a control rate of 1.38 +/- 0.07 mu eq/cm2/hr. Histamine 1 x 10(-4) M stimulation following exposure to pH 2.0 for 90 min increased secretion in group A tissues from 0.80 +/- 0.14 to 1.06 +/- 0.13 mu eq/cm2/hr (P < 0.05), compared with an increase in nonacidified controls from 1.15 +/- 0.22 to 1.80 +/- 0.20 mu eq/cm2/hr (P < 0.05) and in group B tissues from 1.27 +/- 0.10 to 1.56 +/- 0.19 mu eq/cm2/hr (P < 0.05) compared with nonacidified controls from 1.43 +/- 0.22 to 2.23 +/- 0.41 mu eq/cm2/hr (P < 0.05). Secretory function and electrical characteristics were adversely affected by luminal acidification to pH 2.0 and suggested a breach in the mucosal barrier with damage to parietal cells.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1992

Do dysplastic and adenomatous changes in large bowel hamartomas predispose to malignancy?--A report of two cases.

Two patients, members of one family, with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are described who underwent surgery for bowel obstruction. Both had multiple polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Severe dysplasia and adenomatous change were present in two hamartomatous polyps adjacent to a stenosing colonic carcinoma in one patient and moderate dysplasia and adenomatous change were observed in two hamartomatous rectal polyps in his son. These changes support recent reports in the literature of progression towards neoplasia in these lesions.

Adenomatous Polyposis Coli↗
PubMed1992

An unusual injury to the mediastinum--case report.

A six-year-old boy sustained an accidental penetrating missile injury to his chest. Imaging studies revealed a metallic foreign body lodged between the pulmonary infundibulum and the right atrium of the heart. No cardiovascular compromise was produced. Surgical exploration was not required. The foreign body remained stable and non-migratory over a 16-month follow-up period.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Type IVa choledochal cysts: surgical management and literature review.

Type IVa choledochal cysts with cylindrical dilatation of the intrahepatic ducts constitute a relatively less recognized variety of choledochal cysts, and differ from cystic dilatation of intrahepatic ducts in their clinical manifestations and response to treatment. Five patients with type IVa choledochal cysts and cylindrical dilatation of major intrahepatic ducts who underwent cyst excision and Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy are reported. The duration of symptoms was less than 1 year in all patients. Palpable abdominal mass and abdominal pain were present in 3 patients. The traid of jaundice, abdominal pain and mass was present in only 1 patient. The intrahepatic dilatation regressed after excision of the extrahepatic cyst just below the hilum of the liver. The surgical technique is described and the need for excision of the cyst is emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Is enteric Staphylococcus a causative agent of skeletal muscle abscesses in children?

In a study of 46 children under the age of 10 years treated for pyogenic muscle abscesses, stool culture revealed Staphylococcus aureus in association with malnutrition, gastrointestinal infections and weaning. Naturally occurring protease-inhibitors were associated with the diets of these children along with poor standards of food hygiene. A study on 60 healthy age-matched controls showed a significant increase in the stool culture yields of S. aureus during weaning onto a traditional solid diet. It is probable that the bacterial overgrowth in the bowel in these states is associated with the development of muscle abscesses caused by this organism.

Abscess↗
PubMed1990

Galactocoele of childhood--a case report.

A 31-month old boy with unilateral breast enlargement was found at surgical exploration to have a milk cyst whose lining epithelium was denuded in patches with chronic inflammatory cellular infiltration. The presence of foreign-body giant cells suggests involution of the secretory epithelium due to pressure effects of repeated trauma from attempted expression of the cyst contents.

Breast Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Surgical treatment of fungal mycetoma.

Chemotherapy for chronic fungal infections is often ineffective, and the associated delay in surgical treatment may result in radical procedures being performed to effect a cure. The author describes four patients with chronic fungal lesions, three involving a foot and one the abdominal wall, all of which failed to respond to antifungal chemotherapy. The lesions were excised, using procedures aimed at preserving function. Infection recurred in two patients during a 9-month follow-up. The author concludes that surgical therapy should be instituted early in the disease to forestall spread to deeper structures and preserve functional integrity of the affected parts.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1986

Cement bezoars of the stomach.

Cement ingestion resulting in the formation of concretions in the stomach is unusual in surgical practice. Cement bezoars that are retained in the stomach do not undergo degradation and attempts at chemical dissolution are not recommended. Early surgical removal is the only safe and effective method of treatment. Smaller concretions are excreted without incident but may cause intestinal obstruction which should be anticipated and surgically relieved.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Under-nutrition in older people: a serious and growing global problem!

Everyone agrees that adequate nutrient intake is important to all living things. Without food or water, life on earth would cease to exist. In the field of medical health, some gains have been made in meeting maternal and child nutritional needs. There is great community awareness regarding the importance of meeting the nutritional needs of the developing foetus and child. Malnutrition secondary to decreased intake in older people and weight loss is also a serious problem with unfortunately, very little notice from the community at large. As one ages, several physiological processes may contribute towards the development of protein energy malnutrition. Under-nutrition in older people is sadly far too common, even in developed countries. It is very likely that the same concerted effort used to address child malnutrition is required to combat under-nutrition in our elders. Protein energy malnutrition in older people comes at a significant cost to the individual, families, communities and the healthcare system. Failure to address this syndrome is not only unethical and unhealthy, but also costly. Vigilance and community awareness is important in ensuring that this important syndrome is detected and managed appropriately. This review mainly attempts to describe the pathophysiology, prevalence and consequences of under-nutrition and aims to highlight the importance of this clinical syndrome and the recent growth in our understanding of the processes behind its development. Some management strategies are also briefly described.

Aged↗