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Biomedical subjects

R W Henry

Publications and source records attributed to R W Henry.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Use of Iodogen and sulfosuccinimidobiotin to identify and isolate cuticular proteins of the filarial parasite Brugia malayi.

The cuticle of filarial nematodes is a dynamic structure which may be an important target for protective host immune responses. Prior studies have employed radioiodination of intact parasites to demonstrate that the collagenous cuticle of filariids contains relatively few exposed proteins, some of which are stage and/or species-specific. In the present study, we have used sulfo-NHS-biotin to label and affinity purify cuticular components of living adult Brugia malayi. Results obtained by this method were compared with the widely used Iodogen method of surface radioiodination by SDS-PAGE analysis of detergent-solubilized worms and by ultrastructural analysis. Both labeling methods produced very similar electrophoretic patterns with major doublets at 70 and 100 kDa, a major band at 25 kDa, and minor bands between 60-200 kDa. Ultrastructural analysis showed that both methods labeled components throughout all levels of the parasite cuticle; underlying somatic tissues were not labeled. The biotinylated components were isolated from the total parasite extract by affinity chromatography on an avidin matrix. Further characterization of these surface-associated proteins may lead to improved methods for the control of filariasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

SEM and TEM study of caprine superficial lymph nodes.

The splenic capsule was characteristic, having dense connective tissue. Smooth muscle cells and unmyelinated nerve fibers were observed. Smooth muscle cells were found to be independent of blood vessels in both the capsule and trabeculae. Littoral cells separated the capsule from the subcapsular sinus. Highly branched reticular cells were associated with the sinuses. The cellular components (large and small lymphocytes, plasma and mast cells, and macrophages) of the cortex and medulla were observed and described. No Golgi apparatus was observed in small lymphocytes and two surface types (rough and smooth) were observed on lymphocytes. Russell bodies were not observed in plasma cells. The paracortical postcapillary venule had cuboidal endothelium with microvilli. Two shapes of lymphocytes were seen associated with the endothelium of postcapillary venules.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

A light and electron microscopic study of the preoptic nucleus of the grass frog (Rana pipiens), under normal conditions and following transection of the preoptico-neurohypophysial tract.

Degenerative and regenerative processes occur in the preoptic neurons following transection of the preoptico-neurohypophysial tract. Three types of responses after transection were observed: affected, recovered, and degenerated neurons. However, transection of the tract did not stop the synthesis of neurosecretory granulated vesicles. The affected neurosecretory neurons showed nuclear changes, increased number of Golgi complexes, and dilated cisternae of rER, as well as, an increased number of dense bodies. The recovered neurosecretory neurons contained long non-dilated cisternae of rER which were organized in a concentric manner. Also seen were large nuclei with evenly distributed chromatin, less active Golgi complexes, and vesicles. The degenerated neurosecretory neurons exhibit pyknotic nuclei, a net of dilated cisternae of rER, dense bodies, and electron dense cytoplasm.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Correlative light and scanning electron-microscopic study of feline gastric mucosa: the cardiac region (pars cardiaca).

The cardiac region (pars cardiaca) of the cat's stomach was examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. The glands are simple, coiled tubular, and contain mucus-secreting cells. Their surfaces are covered with microvilli which are concentrated on the boundaries of the mucus-secreting cells. A few cells interposed between the glandular cells are probably G cells. They are identified by apical projections of long microvilli into the lumen of the gland. The surface epithelial cells lining the cardiac region are covered by minute microvilli. The muscularis mucosae is not distinctly divided into two layers. However, a group of smooth muscle cells which are directed in a circular manner around the gastroesophageal junction is considered to be the distal esophageal sphincter.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Smooth muscle distribution in the capsule and trabeculae of the caprine superficial cervical lymph node.

This study centers around the dichotomy found in the literature concerning the presence of smooth muscle cells in the trabeculae and capsule of lymph nodes. Various superficial lymph nodes (mammary, mandibular, popliteal, subiliac, and superficial cervical) of the goat were collected and examined by light and electron microscopy. Smooth muscle cells were demonstrated in the capsule and trabeculae of lymph nodes independent of the blood and lymph vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The normal structure of regional feline gastric mucosae: scanning electron microscopic study.

Regions of cat's stomach can be identified by looking at the surface epithelial cells by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The luminal surface of cells of the cardiac region were elongated, of the fundus rounded, of the corpus polygonal shaped, and of the pyloric region diamond shaped. The quantity and distribution of microvilli covering the epithelial cells varies, being abundant and evenly distributed in the cardiac region and gradually decreasing in number toward the gastro-duodenal junction, where they were confined to cell perimeters. The colliculi varied in shape and distribution from few in the fundus and corpus to numerous in the pyloric region. Large numbers of gastric pits were present in the corpus. They diminish toward both the cardia and gastro-duodenal junction. The cardiac and pyloric glands were coiled. The gastric glands (glandula gastrica propria) were straight tubules in the fundus and coiled in the corpus. All luminal surfaces of glandular epithelial cells were covered with microvilli, but the regional distribution of microvilli on the cell was variable. Parietal, mucous neck, and chief (zymogen) cells were identified by their cytoplasmic structure. Parietal cells had long apical microvilli, mucous neck cells contained large numbers of globular mucous granules, and chief cells were vacuolated. A few G cells (Endocrinocytus gastrointestinalis) were seen in the cardiac region, large numbers in the pyloric region, and not found in fundus or corpus.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Duodenal microanatomy of the domestic cat (Felis catus).

Duodenal samples were taken from similar locations in six cats, processed, stained, and examined via light microscope. There were no prominent circular folds (plicae circulares) or stratum compactum (lamina subglandularis). The 1072 microns x 201 microns villi were covered by 46 microns high columnar epitheliocytes proximally which decreased in height (41 microns) distally and displayed a 1.1-1.7 microns striated border. Globular leukocytes, mononuclear cells, and twenty-eight goblet cells (exocrinocytus calciformis) per villus were seen. The intestinal gland (crypt of Lieberkuhn) epithelium was 20 microns tall and had a less distinct striated border. The 515 microns simple straight tubular intestinal gland layer displayed distal branching. Many mitotic figures, 12 goblet cells per gland, and occasional columnar to triangular cells with red cytoplasmic granules were seen. The thickness of the lamina propria mucosa (glandular portion) decreased from proximal to distal (563-465 microns). The lamina muscularis mucosa had two layers and decreased in thickness distally (71-28 microns). The proximal muscularis mucosa was penetrated by the ducts of submucosal (Brunner's, duodenal) glands. The tela submucosa decreased in thickness distally (593-192 microns) and contained submucosal glands with 11.5-75 microns lumina for the first 1.5-2.5 cm. However, submucosal glands could be found to a distance of 8 cm. The glandular epithelium ranged from 7.5-22.5 microns in height. Only one type of secretory cell was observed, with both mucous and serous properties. The tunica muscularis ranged from 190-1425 microns (median thickness of 557 microns) and had two layers.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Scanning electron microscopic study of the surface of feline gastric epithelium: a simple method of removing the coating material.

Scanning electron microscopic examination of the gastric surface epithelial cells is often hindered by the presence of a coating material. Several methods for removal of coating material on feline gastric mucosa were utilized. The cleansed tissues were evaluated using the scanning electron microscope to assess damage caused by the use of various cleansing methods to surface epithelial cells. The stretched stomach washed several times, including rubbing the mucosal surface with gloved fingers, yielded the best results with no apparent damage to the surface epithelial cells. Flushing unstretched stomachs with saline only did not adequately remove coating material. Flushing unstretched stomachs with saline while stroking the surface with a cotton tipped applicator stick removed debris but damaged the surface epithelium.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Epidermal and papillary dermal characteristics of the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus).

Skin samples from most body regions of the bowhead whale were examined. The epidermis is 2.7 to 50 times thicker than that reported in other cetaceans with both regional and individual variations in thickness. The thinnest areas examined (1 mm) occur on the eyelid margins and the thickest (25 mm) occur on the lower jaw. A distinctive parakeratotic stratum corneum with a thick underlying stratum spinosum (without a stratum granulosum) extends over the entire body surface. From a few dozen to several hundred epidermal lesions are present on all whales studied. A typical stratum basale of germinative keratinocytes (with melanocytes in pigmented areas) rests upon a well-defined basal lamina. Epidermal rod arrays arise from the basal keratinocytes which cover highly elongated dermal papillae and extend to the epidermal surface through the distal stratum spinosum and the stratum corneum. At least four diatom genera occur on and in the stratum corneum and lesion areas of different whales. The superficial dermis consists of a papillary layer with long (up to 13 mm) dermal papillae interdigitating with the epidermis from a basal area that is 2-4 mm in thickness. The number of dermal papillae per mm2 varies inversely with the thickness of the epidermis. Large diameter, sensory papillae packed with tortuous, highly elongated, encapsulated nerve end organs also interdigitate with the thin epidermal areas of the ventral surface of the rostrum, the upper and lower lip margins, and the upper and lower eyelid margins. Scattered, single, stiff hairs emerge from the skin only in specific, pigmented regions of the head.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Cimetidine fails to suppress the rise in plasma secretin during fasting.

The effects of cimetidine on plasma secretin were studied during prolonged fasting in order to determine whether gastric acid output influences secretin release under these circumstances. Twenty healthy volunteers starved for 36 h and were refed with oral glucose. They were given placebo or cimetidine (1.6 g daily) for 24 h before and during the starvation period. After 12 h fasting plasma secretin like immunoreactivity (SLI) was lower (P less than 0.02) in the cimetidine group than in the placebo group. After 36 h plasma SLI was higher (P less than 0.001) in both groups compared to the 12 h value but there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups. Refeeding caused prompt suppression of plasma SLI in both groups. Plasma gastrin was lower (P less than 0.001) after 36 h than 12 h in the placebo group only, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Blood glycerol (P less than 0.01) and 3 hydroxybutyrate (P less than 0.02) concentrations were higher after 36 h than after 12 h fasting in both groups. During fasting, sufficient to cause mobilisation of fat and ketosis, cimetidine failed to suppress plasma SLI. This may be due to inadequate suppression of gastric acid output or to some alternative stimulus to secretin release during fasting.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1985

PUVA therapy for psoriasis: choosing a suitable régime.

Three age- and sex-matched groups of 30 patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were treated by photochemotherapy (PUVA). Groups I and II received routine maintenance PUVA therapy at different intervals and Group III had no maintenance treatment. The remission time after the clearance treatment with PUVA is compared with the total cumulative dose of long wave ultraviolet light (UVA). A lower mean dose of UVA (51.0 +/- 1.7 joules/cm(2)) in Group III (no maintenance PUVA) achieved a comparable remission period to that after larger cumulative doses following routine maintenance therapy (87.8 +/- 4.9 and 77.0 +/- 4.1 joules/cm(2) in Groups I and II).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Macroanatomy of the renicule of the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus).

The macroanatomy of renicules and surrounding tissues from the kidneys of five Eskimo-harvested bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus , was examined. These renicules are similar in overall structure to those of other cetaceans and intermediate in size. There are several important differences including the presence of arcuate vessels within the sporta perimedullaris , the extension of connective tissue from the sporta deep into the peripheral cortex, and the presence of very large, thin-walled veins that occupy the interrenicular spaces. Arterial and venous plexuses outside the substance of the sporta reported in other cetaceans were not observed in the bowhead .

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Microanatomy of the major airway mucosa of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus.

In the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus, the mucosa of the major airways from the blowholes through the rostral portion of the larynx is lined with parakeratotic, pigmented, stratified squamous epithelium. Scattered enlarged connective tissue papillae of the lamina propria of the nasal vestibules and the palatopharyngeal sphincter contain encapsulated nerve endings. Abundant papillae in the mucosa covering the epiglottic and arytenoid cartilages contain similar nerve endings. The remainder of the laryngeal cavity and laryngeal sac is lined by a variably pigmented, stratified squamous epithelium, which is not keratinized. At the laryngotracheal junction the lining changes to ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium which continues through the trachea and principal bronchi. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates that this epithelium is typically mammalian, with approximately half of the surface cells bearing cilia and slender microvilli. The remaining cells are mucus producing and have thicker microvilli. The valvular mass regulating the external nares consists of irregular, dense white fibrous connective tissue with numerous adipose cells and is penetrated by skeletal muscle cords ranging from 2-4 mm in diameter. The septal mass between the blowholes is composed of irregular, dense white fibrous connective tissue containing large tendinous bundles, clusters of adipose cells, and several large arteries and thick-walled veins. The lamina propria of the nasal vestibules is irregular, dense white fibrous connective tissue. That of the larynx is not as dense and contains proportionately more elastic fibers. The laryngeal sac does not contain elastic laminae, but does have a tunica muscularis of skeletal muscle bundles. Within the trachea and principal bronchi, the lamina propria possesses laminae of longitudinally oriented elastic fibers and simple, branched tubuloalveolar mucous glands. The nasal, laryngeal, tracheal, and bronchial cartilages are hyaline with vascular channels.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Physiological circulating levels of secretin-like immunoreactivity in the human do not stimulate free fatty acid production.

An in vivo study was carried out to establish whether infused secretin, which achieves physiological levels of secretin-like immunoreactivity (SLI), promotes lipolysis. Six healthy volunteers received two infusions after separate 8 h overnight fasts. The paired infusions of either 500 ml of normal saline or 150 C.U. of porcine secretin in 500 ml of normal saline were infused at a constant rate of 1.38 ml/min. Venous blood was sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after the infusion started. Mean plasma concentrations of SLI were significantly higher after infusion of saline with secretin in comparison to infusion of saline alone but remained within the physiological range. Mean serum free fatty acid (FFA) and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations rose significantly with time during both infusions but the mean FFA and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations did not differ significantly between infusions at each time of assessment. We conclude that a lipolytic role for secretin has not been shown to be of importance in relation to the in vivo rise in FFA concentrations observed in the fasting normal subject.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1984

The effect of starvation on the gastro-entero-pancreatic hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise. (GEP hormones in starvation and exercise).

Gastro-entero-pancreatic hormonal and metabolic responses to bicycle ergometer exercise for one hour following twelve hours fasting (P1) and 36 hours fasting (P2) were compared. During P1 plasma secretin and blood glycerol increased. Pre-exercise concentrations of plasma C-terminal glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (C-GLI), secretin, blood glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate and lactate were higher after 36 hours fasting than 12 hours fasting. During P2 glycerol rose sharply while secretin, C-GLI and 3-hydroxybutyrate remained higher than during P1. A role for secretin and C-GLI in accelerated lipolysis during fasting and exercise is possible.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1983

Gross anatomy of the respiratory system of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus.

Components of the respiratory system from seven bowhead whales have been examined. The paired and laterally curved external nares are passively closed by a valve-like mass located in the rostral, lateral, and ventral walls of the nasal vestibules. Nasal septal cartilages are paired smooth plates rostrally changing to accordion-like folds caudally. The epiglottic and arytenoidal protuberances of the larynx are typically cetacean, but blunt. The cricoid cartilage is not a complete ring, but an elongated, inverted, trough-shaped structure. The thyroid cartilage is trough-shaped with elongated cranial cornua curving dorsocaudally from each thyroid lamina. A conical mass of skeletal muscle serves as the floor of the short trachea and also surrounds the termination of the laryngeal sac. The trachea is dorsoventrally compressed, lacks a tracheal bronchus, and its width equals its length. The principal bronchi give rise to lobar bronchi at obtuse angles. Large segmental bronchi branch extensively from lobar bronchi near the mediastinal lung surface. The lungs are rectangular and of nearly uniform thickness throughout, without external or internal lobulation.

Animals↗