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Biomedical subjects

R W Jackson

Publications and source records attributed to R W Jackson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Lateral retinacular release for patellofemoral pain in the older patient.

Lateral release for patellofemoral pain was performed on 39 knees in 34 patients aged greater than or equal to 30 years. At a mean follow-up of 6 years, there were 56% good or excellent results. Only 20% of patients did not achieve any benefit from the procedure. Although these results may not be as good as in the younger patient, this low morbidity procedure is nevertheless useful in the management of the older patient with patellofemoral malalignment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Functional testing of braces for anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees.

Previous studies into the efficacy of bracing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees have lacked objective functional testing. In this study of function the authors compare the effectiveness of three custom-made and three off-the-shelf braces in stabilizing symptomatic, unilateral, chronic, non-reconstructed, ACL-deficient knees. Ten subjects randomly performed six functional tests with each of the six test braces. Knee function was evaluated both objectively and subjectively. Two customized functional braces (Generation II Polyaxial Knee Cage and Lenox Hill Derotation Brace) provided the most objective improvement during ACL-dependent activities and also the most subjective stability. Laterally hinged braces were as effective as the more commonly used double-hinged models. Based on this study, the authors recommend the use of laterally hinged customized functional braces in the nonoperative treatment of the symptomatic ACL-deficient knee.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Meniscal and articular cartilage injury in sport.

The mechanisms of injury, methods of diagnosis, and management of meniscal and articular cartilage injuries of the knee are outlined. Emphasis is placed on early and accurate arthroscopic diagnosis and treatment. Partial meniscectomy or meniscal repair is the preferred treatment in the early stage. Lavage and debridement can be useful in degenerative arthritis at a later stage.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1988

Chondral lesions of the femoral condyles: a system of arthroscopic classification.

Based on a study of 167 chondral lesions in 140 knees, six different types of lesions confined to the articular cartilage of the femoral condyles are recognized. They are: type I, linear crack; type II, stellate fracture; type III, flap; type IV, crater; type V, fibrillated; and type VI, degrading. The weight-bearing parts of the surfaces are the site of predilection in most cases. The mechanism behind the injuries is discussed, with types I-IV probably of acute traumatic origin, and types V and VI associated with degenerative processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Value and limitations of calcium channel blockade in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension associated with CREST--case reports.

Reversible vasospasm has been hypothesized to underlie the development of pulmonary hypertension in patients with CREST. Drugs that prevent arterial spasm have been used to treat pulmonary hypertension with variable results. The disparate pulmonary hemodynamic responses to calcium channel blockade reported herein suggest that CREST patients with mild pulmonary hypertension may have a component of reversible vasospasm responsive to vasodilator therapy, whereas patients with moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension may have fixed vessel lesions precluding a satisfactory response to calcium channel blockade.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Lateral substitution for chronic isolated anterior cruciate ligament deficiency.

Thirty-five patients who had been surgically treated for major symptomatic isolated chronic anterior cruciate ligament deficiency by lateral extra-articular reconstruction alone were reviewed at an average of five years after operation. Seventy-seven per cent of patients reviewed were improved subjectively, and 83% of patients who were examined had objective evidence of only minor instability or none at follow-up. However, only a few patients had "normal" knees and many continued to have minor symptoms of instability with some restriction of activity. Most of the unsatisfactory results were in patients with significant chondral pathology at the time of reconstruction. While an extra-articular pivot-shift repair did not correct all the symptoms and signs completely, most patients were improved subjectively and objectively, and there were few complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Memories of the early days of arthroscopy: 1965-1975. The formative years.

In the decade from 1965 to 1975, arthroscopy advanced from a medical curiosity to a useful adjunct in the treatment of joint disease. The International Arthroscopy Association was established in 1974, with the prime purpose of teaching arthroscopy and disseminating information regarding the technique. Rapid advances were made in the field of instrumentation, courses were organized, and regular meetings were held as a forum for the exchange of information. Hence, in only 10 years, the technique became an established part of knee joint surgery, and the door was opened for the exploration of other joints. Dr. Masaki Watanabe deserves full credit for his contribution, which medical historians will undoubtedly establish as one of the great advances in orthopaedic surgery in the twentieth century.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMed1987

[Patellectomy as a salvage operation].

One hundred seven patients were examined who had undergone patellectomies between 1965 and 1983 (113 patellectomies). The mean follow-up time was 10.5 years (3-17.5 years) and the average age of the patients 42.6 years. There were three distinct groups of operative techniques: (1) the purse-string technique in 40 patellectomies; (2) the vastus medialis technique in 24 patellectomies; (3) other techniques in 49 patellectomies. The indications for patellectomy were: chondromalacia, 56 cases; comminuted patellar fractures, 32 cases; arthritis, 17 cases; recurrent patellar dislocations, 8 cases. The patients were examined for pain, rage of motion, giving way, swelling, quadriceps strength, activity and cosmetic results (interview, physical examination, Cybex and radiographic study). In the purse-string technique group, 81% of the cases ended up with good or excellent results; in the vastus medialis group there were 79% and in the third group only 73% good or excellent results. Among the patellectomies for comminuted fractures, 75% had excellent results. The clinical outcome of patelletomy for arthritis is fair, for recurrent dislocation favorable, and for chondromalacia variable and not predictable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Rhodopsin's amino terminus is a principal antigenic site.

Antisera and monoclonal antibodies to rhodopsin were examined for their binding specificity to rhodopsin by using peptides from the rhodopsin sequence as competitors for antibody binding to rhodopsin in an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Monoclonal antibodies tested were raised in mice against bovine and rat rhodopsin. Antisera tested were raised in sheep against bovine rhodopsin and in rabbits against human rhodopsin. Peptides were synthesized from the bovine rhodopsin sequences 2-32, 1-12, 13-23, 24-34, 5-11, 231-252 and 331-348 for use as competitors in the immunoassay. A mixture of soluble CNBr peptides, and the purified CNBr peptide representing the sequence 2-39 were also employed. The monoclonal antibodies were all anti-amino-terminal in their binding specificity, although each recognized slightly different regions of the amino terminus. Each of the three antisera was predominantly directed against rhodopsin's amino terminus. We conclude that the amino-terminal 30 or more amino acids, and particularly the amino-terminal 15 amino acids, represent a principal antigenic region of the rhodopsin molecule.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Synovial haemangioma of the knee joint: diagnosis by arthroscopy.

Synovial haemangiomas are a rare cause of recurrent knee effusions. The problem usually presents in childhood, but the diagnosis is often not made for many years. Clinical, laboratory, and radiographic diagnosis is often non-specific, leading to prolonged diagnostic uncertainty. Arteriography, venography, thermography, and computer tomography may be useful once the diagnosis is made. Arthroscopy should be considered early on to make the diagnosis and biopsy the tumor so that further surgery, studies, and treatment can be carried out.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Intra-articular pressure in the knee during routine arthroscopy.

The intra-articular pressure in 19 knees was studied during routine knee arthroscopy with saline insufflation. Filling pressures of up to 300 mm Hg were noted. The average range of intra-articular pressure during the procedure was found to be 40-70 mm Hg. Higher pressures were usually needed to keep good distension while performing arthroscopic surgery in the suprapatellar pouch, whereas the pressure could be as low as 20 mm Hg and still enable good vision in the tibio-femoral compartments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Percutaneous bone marrow grafting of fractures and bony defects. An experimental study in rabbits.

Since bone marrow has been shown to contain osteoprogenitor cells, an experiment was devised to test its effects when injected percutaneously into osteotomies and 2-cm bony defects produced in rabbit radii. The parameters tested included callus volume, breaking load, tensile strength, and cross-sectional area of callus at the fracture or bony defect site. At two weeks postgrafting callus volume was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the grafted radii than in the contralateral saline controls. By four weeks all four parameters were significantly greater in the bone marrow grafted radii than in the contralateral saline controls. Serial radiographs and histology confirm this advanced fracture healing in the grafted bones. The earlier and more abundant callus, at the bone marrow grafted sites, was felt to provide earlier and greater stability, resulting in decreased early healing time when contrasted with the saline controls. Similarly, the bony defects that were grafted with bone marrow united by a bony bridge, whereas the saline controls did not. Percutaneous bone marrow grafting is a simple semi-invasive technique that may have potential clinical applications.

Animals↗