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Biomedical subjects

R W Mann

Publications and source records attributed to R W Mann.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Unilateral ectrodactyly, metatarsal synostosis, and hypoplasia in an Eskimo.

A unilateral foot deformity in an archaeological specimen from Point Hope, Alaska, is presented. Radiographic and gross examination of the bones of the malformed left foot suggests that this adult female suffered from a rare and possibly unique limb deficiency presenting as unilateral congenital absence of the phalanges, synostosis and hypoplasia of the metatarsals, and mild hypoplasia of the calcaneus.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1991

Maxillary suture obliteration: a visual method for estimating skeletal age.

The purpose of this study was to develop a method of estimating the age of an individual based on obliteration of the four maxillary (palatal) sutures. A sample of 186 individuals of known age, race, and sex were examined. It was found that males of both races (black and white) exhibit more suture obliteration than females at the same age. During the early adult years, maxillary suture obliteration progresses at nearly the same rate in both sexes; however, the age of old individuals may be greatly overestimated using this method. Although this method cannot be used for exact estimates of individual age, it is valuable in establishing the age range, sorting commingled remains, and estimating skeletal age when only the maxilla is present.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Calcaneus secundarius: description and frequency in six skeletal samples.

The calcaneus secundarius (CS) is a small accessory ossicle of the anterior calcaneal facet. A sample of 1,367 calcanei including early 20th century U.S. blacks and whites, XIIth Dynasty Egyptians, Islamic Period Bahrainis, and protohistoric American Indians from two states were examined to determine the frequency of this nonmetric trait. Statistical testing of the correlation of the trait with sex could only be performed on the blacks and whites, a documented cadaver collection. Tests of chi 2 indicated that, although sex differences were insignificant, significant group (not necessarily racial or geographical) differences existed at the .05 level. There was no correlation of side dominance in the overall sample, although significant population differences existed. The trait frequencies of the black and white samples were more similar to one another than to the nonindustrial groups who, in turn, were more similar to each other than to the Terry sample. The findings suggest that a CS is of genetic or congenital origin resulting in a secondary center of ossification in the anterior calcaneal facet.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Modelling of the biomechanics of posture and balance.

A technique for studying the relationship of posture to balance has been developed. To investigate this relationship quantitatively, the human body was treated as consisting of 11 rigid body segments, each with six degrees of freedom. A bilateral Selspot II/TRACK data acquisition system provides position and orientation kinematic data for estimation of the trajectories of the individual body segment centers of gravity. From these, the whole body center of gravity is estimated and compared to concurrent force plate center of force data. Center of gravity and center of force excursions agree where dynamics are not significant. The technique may be employed to study quiet stance, response to postural disturbances, or the initiation and coordination of complex movements such as gait.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Anomalous morphologic formation of deciduous and permanent teeth in a 5-year-old 15th century child: a variant of the Ekman-Westborg-Julin syndrome.

A gross morphologic anomaly affecting both the primary and secondary teeth of unknown cause is presented. A 5-year-old American Indian child exhibited macrodontia, extreme shovel-shaping, agenesis, three-rooted deciduous molars, dens invaginatus, and other less striking dental features. This case represents the earliest example of a variant of the Ekman-Westborg-Julin syndrome reported in the New World.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1990

Whole-body movements during rising to standing from sitting.

Rising to a standing position from a sitting position is one of the most important activities of daily life. We present a total-body analysis of rising from a chair as performed by nine healthy individuals under controlled conditions. We describe four phases of this activity. Phase I is a flexion-momentum phase used to generate the initial momentum for rising. Phase II begins as the individual leaves the chair seat and ends at maximal ankle dorsiflexion. Forward momentum of the upper body is transferred to forward and upward momentum of the total body. Phase III is an extension phase during which the body rises to its full upright position. Phase IV is a stabilization phase. Kinetics and kinematics of the phases are analyzed. The phases are differentiated in terms of momentum and stability characteristics. Clinical implications of the mechanics of rising are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Os trigonum. Variation of a common accessory ossicle of the talus.

The authors present a pictorial essay showing the range of variability of separate and attached os trigona in dry-bone specimens. The presence of free os trigona is found to be 1.7% in an early 20th-century skeletal sample, with no findings of the trait in 513 tali of prehistoric native Americans and Eskimos.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Foot deformity of unknown etiology in a prehistoric skeleton from Texas.

An unusual foot deformity in an archaeological specimen from Oldham County, Texas, is presented. It is hoped that through description and radiographic and photographic examination the readers will be able to offer opinions concerning the frequency or possible etiology of the condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Radiographic examination of Chinese foot binding.

The authors present a radiographic case report of foot binding in a probable Chinese female. The radiographs, taken in 1948, are from an archival collection and represent severe, prolonged deformities of the left foot. Information supplied by a visiting anthropologist from Shanghai, China, adds to a knowledge and understanding of the custom of Chinese foot binding in both the past and the present.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Time since death and decomposition of the human body: variables and observations in case and experimental field studies.

Much of the difficulty in determining the time since death stems from the lack of systematic observation and research on the decomposition rate of the human body. Continuing studies conducted at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, provide useful information on the impact of carrion insect activity, ambient temperature, rainfall, clothing, burial and depth, carnivores, bodily trauma, body weight, and the surface with which the body is in contact. This paper reports findings and observations accumulated during eight years of research and case studies that may clarify some of the questions concerning bodily decay.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Optical verification of a technique for in situ ultrasonic measurement of articular cartilage thickness.

Several investigators have used pulse-echo ultrasonics to measure the thickness of articular cartilage in situ. The underlying assumption in all measurements was that the second reflection used in thickness calculations was from the calcified-cartilage/cartilage boundary (tidemark). To investigate this assumption, the thickness of 24 cartilage plugs excised from a human femoral head was measured both ultrasonically and optically. Measurements established that the second reflection was from the tidemark and validated the ultrasonic technique as a method of mapping the thickness distribution of articular cartilage in synovial joints in situ.

Acetabulum↗