Pathways of influence on fifth and eighth graders' reports about having had sexual intercourse.
The purposes of this study were to explore the differences between fifth and eighth graders' self-reports of having initiated sexual intercourse and the factors related to their early sexual debuts. The urban sample consisted of African American and white fifth (n = 59) and eighth (n = 169) graders. Among fifth graders 46% and among eighth graders 55% reported they had initiated sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse was more common than other risk behaviors such as cigarette smoking and drinking. The multivariate analyses indicated that the influences on the early initiation of sexual intercourse were complex. Specifically, gender, use of alcohol, costs (i.e., perceptions of negative consequences), and personal norms (i.e., beliefs about when to initiate sexual intercourse) had no direct influence on having initiated sexual intercourse, but indirectly affected the initiation of sexual intercourse through the frequency of other intimate behaviors. The findings are discussed in terms of gender-specific socialization into sex roles and the need to design risk reduction interventions that incorporate messages from multiple social sources.