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Biomedical subjects

R W Stout

Publications and source records attributed to R W Stout.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Reduced high density lipoprotein in stroke: relationship with elevated triglyceride and hypertension.

Lipids and lipoproteins were analysed in forty-one survivors of stroke, aged less than 65 years, and the same number of age and sex matched controls without vascular disease. The stroke subjects had no evidence of coronary artery or peripheral vascular disease. High density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower (1.19 +/- 0.06 mmol/l) in the stroke subjects than the controls (1.47 +/- 0.07 mmol/l). Triglyceride was also elevated in the stroke subjects, but this was confined to those who were taking antihypertensive treatment which included beta-blockers and/or thiazides. The low levels of high density lipoprotein in stroke were independent of hypertension or its treatment. Thus low levels of high density lipoprotein appear to be associated with cerebrovascular disease, while elevated triglyceride is a complication of anti-hypertensive therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A new undergraduate teaching course in geriatric medicine.

The construction of a new teaching course in geriatric medicine is described. Course objectives are established, and teaching arrangements designed to meet these objectives. The course takes place late in the medical curriculum when students have some knowledge of clinical medicine, therapeutics and pathology. Particular features of the course include residential attachments in hospital departments of geriatric medicine and coordinated teaching with the departments of general practice and mental health. The attainments and methods of assessment are then discussed.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1979

The gastro-entero-pancreatic hormone secretion after a mixed meal in normal subjects before and after a 72 hour period of starvation.

The responses of plasma gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) hormones and free fatty acids (FFA) to a standard mixed meal before and after starvation have been measured. Raised insulin, glucose and FFA levels were found following refeeding after starvation and levels of secretin and C-terminal glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (C-GLI), raised by starvation, were rapidly suppressed on refeeding. The responses of gastrin and N-terminal glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (N-GLI) to a standard mixed meal were not altered by starvation. Although this study does not directly support that secretin and glucagon are responsible for the hyperglycaemia or hyperinsulinaemia of starvation diabetes, a role for both hormones in the raised FFA levels is proposed, as well as a role for glucagon in the initial hyperglycaemic response to a meal after starvation.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Relative insensitivity to glucagon of sterol synthesis in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP.

The smooth muscle cell plays an important role in the process of atherogenesis. In these experiments the effect of glucagon and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on sterol synthesis in cultured rat arterial smooth muscle cells was studied. Glucagon in concentrations of 1 X 10(-9) mol/l inhibited the incorporation of sodium (2(-14)C)acetate into non-saponifiable lipids and digitonin precipitable sterols but lower concentrations of glucagon had no effect. In cells which were exposed to serum, dibutyryl cyclic AMP also resulted in a decrease in the incorporation of labelled acetate into sterols but when the cells were grown in serum free medium, dibutyryl cyclic AMP had no inhibitory effect on sterol synthesis. These results provide further evidence that sterol metabolism in arterial smooth cells may be influenced by hormones but suggest that glucagon is relatively less important than insulin in this respect.

Acetates↗
PubMed1977

The relationship of abnormal circulating insulin levels to atherosclerosis.

The evidence linking insulin with atherosclerosis can be divided into two parts. First, there is evidence that a proportion of subjects who have atherosclerosis or who are at risk of developing atherosclerosis hav elevated circulating insulin levels. The high insulin levels may be associated with another metabolic abnormality such as obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, uraemia or consumption of oral contraceptives, may be inappropriate to the blood sugar levels as in mild diabetes, or may be of exogenous origin as in insulin-treated diabetics. The tissues of these subjects are exposed to high concentrations of insulin, and it seems reasonable to suggest that elevated insulin levels may have pathological effects on these tissues. Secondly, there is increasing evidence that the arterial wall is an insulin sensitive tissue. Exposure of arterial tissue to insulin results in proliferation of smooth muscle cells, inhibition of lipolysis, and synthesis of cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride. Chronic exposure to high concentrations of insulin results in the development of lipid filled lesions similar to those of early atherosclerosis. Thus, insulin has the ability to promote changes in the artery which, in the long term, may progress to atherosclerosis. The two lines of evidence together suggest that high levels of circulating insulin may have a role in the development of atherosclerosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The effect of insulin and glucose on sterol synthesis in cultured rat arterial smooth muscle cells.

The smooth muscle cell plays an important role in the process of atherogenesis, proliferating in the arterial intima and becoming filled with lipid during the course of the disease. In these experiments the effect of insulin and glucose on sterol synthesis in cultured rat arterial smooth muscle cells was studied. Arterial smooth muscle cells were cultured from pieces of intima and inner media of young rat aortas. The cells were grown in Petri dishes in culture medium with foetal calf serum and when confluent were exposed to insulin or glucose for 24 hours. Insulin in concentrations of 10 micromicron-100 millimicron per ml stimulated the incorporation of sodium [2-(14)C]acetate into non-saponifiable lipids and digitonin precipitable sterols. However, insulin had no effect on the incorporation of labelled mevalonate into cell sterols. Increasing concentrations of glucose in the medium up to 140 mM had had no effect on the incorporation of isotope into sterols, but higher concentrations of glucose caused cell damage and sterol synthesis was markedly depressed. These results may have relevance to the development of atherosclerosis in diabetes and obesity.

Acetates↗
PubMed1976

Triglyceride metabolism in acute starvation: the role of secretin and glucagon.

Plasma lipid and hormone levels have been measured during 72 hours total starvation in nine healthy subjects, to assess the relative importance of hormones and substrates in human triglyceride metabolism. Plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations rose steadily on each day of starvation. Plasma triglyceride concentrations rose on the second and third days, from a control level of 649 +/- 67 mg/1 to a maximum of 1001 +/- 66 mg/1. Plasma cholesterol concentrations remained unchanged while glucose concentrations fell and insulin did not change. Plasma glucagon (C-GLI) levels doubled while secretin levels, reported previously, rose threefold. It is suggested that during acute starvation the rise in triglyceride concentration results from the increased availability of free fatty acids, and that elevated secretin and glucagon levels enhance lipolysis and hence provide substrates for triglyceride synthesis.

Adult↗