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Biomedical subjects

R W Stout

Publications and source records attributed to R W Stout.

133 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The lipid metabolism of the arterial wall and its abnormalities in diabetes.

Arteries are not simply conduits for the transport of blood, but consist of metabolically active tissue which has the capacity to synthesize all the components of the atherosclerotic lesion. The smooth muscle cell appears to be the most important metabolically active cell in the arterial wall. There is little information on arterial metabolism in human diabetes. Experimental diabetes depressed all aspects of arterial lipid metabolism and this effect is reversed by insulin. Insulin promotes changes in arterial metabolism which are similar to those an atherosclerosis. Thus the relationship of human diabetes to the metabolism of the arterial wall is complex and little understood.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol-related mortality in the U.S. Air Force, 1990.

Alcohol-related morbidity and mortality represent a major public health problem in the United States, particularly among young men. Standardized comparisons of alcohol use have demonstrated that members of the military consume more alcohol than matched civilians. To quantify the impact of alcohol use by active duty members of the Air Force for calendar year 1990, we reviewed 283 death certificates and analyzed the cause of death using the Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI) computer program. Injuries accounted for 73% of all deaths among active duty Air Force personnel, with motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) accounting for 31% of total mortality. Sixty-six deaths (23%) were attributable to alcohol-related causes and accounted for 2,300 years of potential life lost before 65 years of age. Analysis of blood alcohol levels taken from a subset of active duty deaths resulting from MVAs and suicides yielded alcohol-attributable fractions similar to those obtained by the ARDI method. Periodic assessment and dissemination of alcohol-related mortality statistics in the military using the ARDI methodology represent an important public health education tool.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomic function in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate sympathetic function in the peripheries of patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using noninvasive techniques. DESIGN: Comparison of peripheral blood flow responses in sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes in CAPD patients and matched control subjects. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital and research institution. PATIENTS: Twenty-three clinically stable CAPD patients and 23 control subjects matched for age, sex, and drug therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sympathetic activity assessed from the reductions in hand and foot blood flow induced by a deep breath and by body surface cooling. Cardiac autonomic activity measured by the changes in heart rate produced by deep breathing, a Valsalva maneuver, and standing from lying. RESULTS: A deep breath induced mean decreases in hand blood flow of 65.1% in the patients and 82.8% in their matched controls. Corresponding reductions in the foot were 46.0% and 70.0%. Body surface cooling reduced mean hand blood flow by 50.3% in the patients and 71.8% in the control subjects. Corresponding values in the foot were 26.7% and 43.6%. The differences in response between the patients and their matched control subjects were all significant (p < 0.01). Cardiac autonomic function assessed by standard tests of heart rate variability was significantly impaired in the patients compared with the control subjects in two of the three tests used (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular autonomic impairment can affect the peripheral circulation as well as the heart in patients on dialysis, and this may have implications for cardiovascular homeostasis.

Adult↗