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Biomedical subjects

R W Weber

Publications and source records attributed to R W Weber.

61 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Incidence of bronchoconstriction due to aspirin, azo dyes, non-azo dyes, and preservatives in a population of perennial asthmatics.

Forty-five patients with moderately severe perennial bronchial asthma were challenged by ingestion of: acetylsalicyclic acid (ASA); 4 azo dyes (tartrazine, sunset yellow, amaranth, and ponceau); 3 non-azo dyes (erythrosine, brilliant blue, and indigotin); sodium benzoate (NaB); parahydroxybenzoic acid (OHBA); butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA); and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). A fall in forced expiratory volume is one second (FEV1) greater than 25% from baseline was considered positive. Seven patients who gave an unequivocal history of aspirin intolerance were not challenged with ASA; an additional 13 had positive open challenges to ASA, giving an apparent incidence of aspirin sensitivity of 20/45. The presence of nasal polyps, simusitis, or the regular use of corticosteroids, either singly or in combination, was not associated with an increased incidence of reactions to ASA. Significant bronchoconstriction to open challenges with agents other than ASA was less frequent. Positive open challenges to all substances except aspirin were followed by double-blind challenges which were positive in only 3 instances: 1 each with erythrosine, ponceau, and NaB/OHBA. Our findings confirm that ASA intolerance is relatively common but suggest on the other hand that reactions to dyes and preservatives are uncommon cause of clinically significant bronchoconstriction in moderately severe perennial asthmatics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Aerosolized terbutaline in asthmatics. Comparison of dosage strength, schedule, and method of administration.

Sixteen patients with bronchial asthma participated in three studies of inhaled terbutaline. Onset of action, duration, and peak effects were compared for a dose of 0.5 mg given in one, two, or four inhalations at 1 min intervals from a freon-propelled, metered-dose aerosol. There was no significant difference in the response between the schedules. Dose-response curves were compared for terbutaline from a metered-dose aerosol, and pressure nebulized with and without intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB). There was no difference between the response with IPPB and simple nebulization. Improvement continued to the total dose administered of 9.0 mg. For a given bronchial response, six to eight times as much terbutaline was required by pressure nebulization as from the metered-dose aerosol.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pirbuterol hydrochloride: evaluation of beta adrenergic agonist activity in reversible obstructive pulmonary disease and congestive heart failure.

Pirbuterol hydrochloride is a beta 2 adrenergic agonist with a structure similar to that of albuterol, except for the substitution of a pyridine ring for the benzene ring. It is comparable in duration of action to albuterol when given by inhalation, but it is threefold less potent by weight. In man, pirbuterol and albuterol have similar beta 2 selectivity. In the acute therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pirbuterol is most effective in oral doses of 15-20 mg, and by aerosol in doses of 400 micrograms or greater. Long-term studies of oral pirbuterol in doses between 30-60 mg/day are promising, but further research is warranted. The combination of pirbuterol's beta 2 and lesser beta1 activity has proven helpful in the therapy of refractory congestive heart failure. Improvement of function of both right and left ventricles and systemic and pulmonic circulations has been demonstrated acutely. Drug effect wanes, as with other beta adrenergic agonists, due to the development of tolerance; however, long-term benefit appears to persist in both pulmonary and cardiac patients. Pirbuterol will be marketed in the United States as 10 and 15 mg tablets and as a 200 micrograms per actuation metered dose aerosol for use in pulmonary patients only; it will not be approved for use in congestive heart failure. In terms of beta 2 selectivity, duration of action, potency and frequency of side effects, pirbuterol is comparable to the two beta 2 agonists already available in the United States, albuterol and terbutaline.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Onset of action of aqueous beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis.

Beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray is widely used in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis; however, the time of onset of action has not been determined. This study assessed the onset of action, level of relief, and efficacy of beclomethasone nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, 7-day study, symptomatic patients were administered two inhalations of beclomethasone dipropionate (n = 80) or placebo (n = 81) into each nostril twice daily. Patients assessed the onset of action and level of relief at 6, 24, and 48 hours and at days 3 and 7. Investigators evaluated symptoms at days 0, 3, and 7 and response to therapy at days 3 and 7. The difference in the cumulative number of patients reporting relief of symptoms was statistically significant in favor of beclomethasone dipropionate by hour 24 (P = 0.05). Patients in the beclomethasone dipropionate group experienced a greater level of relief than patients receiving placebo at hour 24, and improvement increased over the 7-day study compared with a decrease in relief in the placebo group. Beclomethasone dipropionate was significantly more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms (P < or = 0.02), and patients in the beclomethasone dipropionate group showed a more favorable response to treatment than did patients in the placebo group (P < 0.01). Adverse events were minor in both groups. Beclomethasone dipropionate nasal spray produced significant onset of relief of symptoms the first day of treatment; improvement was sustained and increased over the course of the study.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced kidney clearance with an ester-linked 99mTc-radiolabeled antibody Fab'-chelator conjugate.

Bifunctional chelators for labeling antibodies with 99mTc based on the N3S core of (mercaptoacetyl)-triglycine having ester or amide linking moieties were synthesized and site-specifically attached to the sulfhydryl groups of the Fab' fragment of antimyosin. Protein labeling was quantitative after 15 min; postlabeling purification was not necessary. The radiolabeled conjugates exhibited no loss of immunoreactivity. Under basic conditions, the ester-linked conjugate lost 95% of the radiolabel in the form of the 99mTc complex of (mercaptoacetyl)triglycine as determined by RP-HPLC, while the radioactivity in the amide-linked conjugate remained completely bound to the protein. In a mouse biodistribution study, the ester-linked conjugate showed a 2-fold enhancement in clearance from the kidney when compared to the amide-linked product.

Amides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Carotenoids and fatty acids in red yeasts Sporobolomyces roseus and Rhodotorula glutinis].

Rhodotorula glutinis and Sporobolomyces roseus, grown under different aeration regimes, showed differential responses in their carotenoid content. At higher aeration, the concentration of total carotenoids increased relative to biomass and total fatty acids in R. glutinis, but the composition of carotenoids (torulene > beta-carotene > gamma-carotene > torularhodin) remained unaltered. In contrast, S. roseus responded to enhanced aeration by a shift from the predominant beta-carotene to torulene and torularhodin, indicating a biosynthetic switch at the gamma-carotene branch point of carotenoid biosynthesis. The overall levels of total carotenoids in highly aerated flasks were 0.55 mol-percent and 0.50 mol-percent relative to total fatty acids in R. glutinis and S. roseus (respectively), and 206 and 412 microg g(-1) dry weight (respectively).

Aerobiosis↗