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Biomedical subjects

R Wahlqvist

Publications and source records attributed to R Wahlqvist.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Laser treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia].

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) has been the gold standard for BPH for over 50 years. For the last five years laser treatment of BPH has been developed as a new modality. The principles of laser surgery and the options available in clinical practice today are outlined. A survey of indications, patient selection, results and complications are given based on the authors' own experience and reports from the international literature.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1996

[Diagnosis and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in general practice. Norwegian Medical Society].

The prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia increases with increasing age. The growing number of elderly men in the population will cause a marked increase in the number of men suffering from this condition. The magnitude of the problem necessitates close cooperation between urologists and general practitioners in future in order to take care of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The purpose of the present survey is to present guidelines for general practitioners to enable them to diagnose this condition and to present the various alternative treatments currently available. Patients with mild and modest symptoms do not need to be referred to an urologist and can be taken care of by the general practitioners themselves.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1996

Five-year followup of a prospective trial of radical cystectomy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Nordic Cystectomy Trial I. The Nordic Cooperative Bladder Cancer Study Group.

PURPOSE: Chemotherapy is widely used in patients with locally advanced bladder cancer but until now there has been no conclusive evidence that this therapy improves survival. The Nordic Cooperative Bladder Cancer Study Group conducted a randomized phase III study to assess the possible benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy after short-term radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our trial included 325 patients with locally advanced stage T1 grade 3 or stages T2 to T4aNXM0 bladder cancer allocated randomly into a chemotherapy or no chemotherapy group (control). The chemotherapy schedule consisted of 2 cycles of 70 mg./m.2 cisplatin and 30 mg./m.2 doxorubicin with a 3-week interval between the cycles. RESULTS: After 5 years the overall survival rate was 59% in the chemotherapy group and 51% in the control group (p = 0.1). The corresponding cancer specific survival rate was 64 and 54%, respectively. In regard to treatment, no difference was observed for stages T1 and T2 disease, while there was a 15% difference in overall survival for patients with stages T3 to T4a disease (p = 0.03). In a multivariate analysis only chemotherapy and T category emerged as independent prognostic factors. The relative death risk for patients who received chemotherapy was 0.69 (95% confidence interval 0.49 to 0.98) compared to the control group after adjustment for the other tested factors. CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy seems to improve long-term survival after cystectomy in patients with stages T3 to T4a bladder carcinoma, while no survival benefit was found for stages T1 to T2 disease.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1996

Scanning electron microscopy of the accessory sex glands of the adult male rat.

This study describes the morphology of the accessory sex glands of the adult male rat as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The purpose was to obtain a systematic and comparative SEM description of these glands and to evaluate different preparation techniques. A common morphological feature is polyhedral delineation of the cells, which exhibited a variable convexity of their apical surface. The cell apices were more or less studded with microvilli. Nevertheless, it was possible to distinguish the glands by their surface morphology. In the ventral prostate, there was a considerable heterogeneity in cell surface appearance. The lateral lobe had a characteristic brush border, and in the dorsal lobe, surface blebbing and intracellular cisternae were observed. The cells of the seminal vesicle were covered by long microvilli, while particularly distinct, elevated cell borders and intracellular cisternae were typical for the coagulating gland. The secretory mechanism was merocrine in the ventral and lateral prostate and the seminal vesicle, and was mainly apocrine in the dorsal prostate. Surprisingly, only merocrine secretion was obvious in the coagulating gland. The most controversial observation, which needs further investigation, was the discovery of large orifices in the apical surface of individual seminal vesicle cells. These orifices may be indicative of an additional apocrine secretion in this gland. In studying this organ system, SEM provides information that adds to previous transmission electron microscopical investigations.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Effects of castration upon the morphology of the accessory sex organs of the male rat--a scanning electron microscopy study.

A systematic, comparative study of the accessory sex glands of the adult male rat after androgen withdrawal was carried out. The changes were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy at different intervals after surgical castration. The main common signs of epithelial cell involution were flattening of the cell surface, reduction of the size and number of microvilli, some blurring of the cell borders, cessation of secretory activity and diminution of the luminal volume of the glands. Overall, confident signs of atrophy were evident after one week, and complete epithelial involution was reached by the third week. The epithelial cell atrophy was accompanied by a relative stromal hyperplasia. The new observation seems to be that the process of stroma consolidation is progressing for a considerable time subsequent to the completion of the epithelial involution. This phenomenon is particularly evident in the dorsal prostate, the seminal vesicle and the coagulating gland.

Animals↗