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Biomedical subjects

R Waldherr

Publications and source records attributed to R Waldherr.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

[Acute kidney failure caused by Hantaan virus. Case report from the West Germany].

A man aged 41 years who spent his leisure time in a marshy region infested with brown rats developed an infectious disease with high fever associated with diarrhoea, arthralgia and lumbago. In the course of the disease an acute renal failure occurred not requiring dialysis which spontaneously receded. Histology revealed signs of an acute renal failure with sparse interstitial round-cell infiltrations. Serological investigations showed a rising titre against Hantaan virus, Strain CG 1820 (1:1024). According to experience in neighbouring countries, it may be assumed that quite a number of cases of spontaneous acute renal failure occurring in the Federal Republic of Germany is caused by Hantaan virus.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1986

Generalized amyloidosis secondary to xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

Unilateral nephrectomy in an 8-year-old male with chronic renal failure and urosepsis revealed a combined histologic lesion of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and amyloidosis. Amyloid deposits were found also in the rectum and liver. On clinical grounds xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis was also suspected in the remaining kidney. Common causes of systemic amyloidosis were excluded. After operation the signs of amyloidosis diminished, probably due to removal of the infected kidney, but renal function deteriorated rapidly.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMed1986

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma resembling polyposis coli. A case report.

In a 72-year-old patient with cervical non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, colonoscopy was performed in response to a positive result of a test for occult blood (Hemoccult). The examination revealed lesions throughout the whole of the colon, resembling polyposis coli. Histopathologic examination of the polypoid lesions disclosed an intermediate-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (centrocytoma), which was identical to the histology of the cervical lymphoma. Regression of the lesions following chemotherapy, was observed by endoscopy and in the biopsy specimens. Clinical features and treatment of gastrointestinal lymphomas are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

No 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors on osteoclasts of calcium-deficient chicken despite demonstrable receptors on circulating monocytes.

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is known to stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption in vivo and whole organ bone culture systems in vitro. It has not been established whether 1,25(OH)2D3 acts directly on osteoclasts or whether its action on osteoclasts is mediated via other bone cells (e.g., osteoblasts) or recruitment of osteoclast precursor cells. Circulating monocytes have been characterized as osteoclast precursors. In the present study, vitamin D3-replete chicken on a calcium-deficient diet were studied. Circulating monocytes, whole bone cell preparations, and isolated osteoclasts (differential sedimentation) were examined for presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors. Reversible, specific, and saturable binding of [3H]-1,25(OH)2D3 to a 3.5 S macromolecule was demonstrated in nuclear fractions of monocytes (maximal binding capacity, 48 fmol/mg protein; dissociation constant, 1.3 X 10(-10) M) and of whole bone cell preparations. 1,25(OH)2D3 receptors were not demonstrable in osteoclast preparations (70% pure; detection threshold, 2 fmol/mg protein). Data are consistent with indirect action of 1,25(OH)2D3 on osteoclastic bone resorption.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of methotrexate on rabbit testes. Part 1: Morphological changes.

Methotrexate (MTX) has the potential of eradicating small infiltrations of leukemic cells in the gonads. We examined the morphological changes in rabbit testes after a single dose (57.5 mg/kgBW) or repeated low doses (6 mg/kgBW once a week for 14 weeks) of MTX IV. Fertility rate and spermatogenic activity were evaluated using the tubular fertility index (TFI). Testicular MTX concentrations (measured by RIA) were in the same range in both groups. Only after repeated MTX application were reduction of TFI and signs of germinal cell line degeneration found. When given repetitively, MTX therapy may modify the fertility and tubular morphology. Long-term follow-up will show how these changes affect future fertility.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of methotrexate on rabbit testes. Part 2: Hormonal changes.

Thirty mature and peripubertal male rabbits were examined for endocrine function and tissue methotrexate (MTX) concentration after single (57.5 mg/kgBW, group 1) and repeated (6 mg/kgBW, once a week for 14 weeks, group 2) MTX doses. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and androstenedione plasma levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). We found elevated plasma FSH levels in both groups. Elevated plasma androstenedione level and reduced plasma testosterone level in group 2 suggest an enzymatic defect in the gonadal steroid synthesis. Unchanged LH plasma level, when compared to controls, is thought to be the result of a combined effect of MTX on the gonadal steroids and gonadotropin synthesis.

Androstenedione↗
PubMed1986

[Contact allergic reactions in the respiratory mucosa. A differential diagnosis with malignant lymphoma].

It is well known that cell-mediated allergic reactions can cause tissue destruction, for example, the tuberculin-like allergic reactions. Moreover, this type of allergy can be the starting point of malignant lymphomas in the sense of the theory of the dysregulative development of malignant lymphomas. After all, the inflammation around the tumour is the expression of cell-mediated defense of the body against the neoplastic cells and corresponds to the same immunologic mechanisms as cell-mediated allergy. Therefore, both are rich in lymphoid cells. That is why they are important diagnostic and differential diagnostic criteria. This is illustrated by two cases with cell-mediated contact allergic reactions in the nose and paranasal sinuses. In one of these cases, the transition to malignant lymphoma had just occurred.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMed1985

[Drug treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis: contra].

It is controversial whether the pathomechanisms involved in chronic idiopathic glomerulonephritis are susceptible to therapeutic intervention. Etiological therapy, i.e. elimination of the responsible antigen, is possible only in exceptional cases, e.g. tropical diseases, infected ventriculoatrial shunt etc. Antiinflammatory therapy directed against pathomechanisms initiating or maintaining glomerular inflammation has an uncertain theoretical foundation because of lack of knowledge relating to the exact steps mediating tissue injury. Recent studies suggest keyroles for terminal components of complement system, products of lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid and oxygen radicals-all of which are not readily influenced by available therapeutic modulaties. Finally, progression of glomerular inflammation to renal failure is usually not the cause of cumulative acute inflammatory glomerular lesions but rather the consequence of progressive sclerosis of glomeruli, arterioles and interstitium. As examples of controlled intervention trials, studies on extramembranous and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis are discussed. The studies show limited and not always statistically significant influence on renal function, however, at the expense of considerable side effects. It is concluded that it is highly questionable whether inflammatory pathomechanisms are influenced by currently available drugs. However, therapeutic nihilism is not appropriate given modalities to influence mechanisms of nonspecific damage, e.g. by antihypertensive medication or dietary intervention.

Azathioprine↗
PubMed1985

Problems in spleen autotransplantation: comparative study of types of implantation in animal experiments.

Iatrogenic localized splenosis presents a seemingly simple surgical possibility for preserving partial function of the spleen. Until now, pathophysiological aspects, such as the drainage direction of venous blood from the spleen, possible splenic diseases in ectopic tissue, and the formation of pseudoabscesses as well as conditions for implantation have been given insufficient attention. In 45 Wistar rats, divided into three groups according to the surgical procedure (implantation in the greater omentum, liver, retroperitoneum), the taking of the grafts were examined macroscopically and histologically. Because of the results, and bearing in mind the mentioned criteria, a new method for spleen autotransplantation is suggested: the implantation into a pediculated flap of omentum and retroperitoneal displacement behind the splenic bed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Acquired cystic kidney disease--a possible pitfall in genetic counseling.

A case of a 24-year-old pregnant woman on dialysis who asked for genetic counseling is reported. Differentiation between nonheritable acquired cystic kidneys and autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease without noninvasive diagnostic procedure was nearly impossible in the reported woman. The communication underlines the problem and gives diagnostic criteria.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin intermediate-sized filaments in renal cell carcinomas. Comparative study of the intermediate-sized filament distribution in renal cell carcinomas and normal human kidney.

The expression of intermediate-sized filaments (IF) was examined by immunocytochemical methods in 40 primary renal cell carcinomas and compared with the IF distribution in the normal adult human kidney. All tumours stained positively with cytokeratin IF antibodies. Co-expression of cytokeratins and vimentin was observed in 21/40 (52,5%) renal carcinomas. Double immunofluorescence labelling demonstrated that in most of these cases tumour cells contained both cytokeratin and vimentin type IF. In normal human kidneys, cells of the various tubular segments disclosed a positive reaction with cytokeratin antibodies in a different intensity and intracellular localization. Co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin IF in normal adult human kidneys has never been observed. From a histogenetic point of view, co-expression of cytokeratins and vimentin in renal cell carcinoma obviously represents an atavistic phenomenon since vimentin is re-expressed by these tumour cells during neoplastic transformation. This finding indicates the metanephric origin of the renal parenchyma. In surgical pathology the possibility of very rare co-expression of cytokeratin and vimentin IF within tumour cells should be considered, particularly in the differential diagnosis of clear cell carcinomas.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗
PubMed1985

[Spleen autotransplantation--comparative animal experiment study of implantation sites].

Iatrogenically induced local splenosis seems to be a method for the partial preservation of splenic functions with appealing surgical simplicity. Pathophysiological aspects, such as flow direction of splenic venous blood, the ectopic occurrence of potential splenic affections, and the formation of pseudoabscesses as well as the preconditions for nidation of the autografts have not been sufficiently investigated so far. Sixty Wistar-rats, divided into four groups according to the surgical procedure performed (sites of implantation: omentum majus, liver, retroperitoneal space, pedicular omental flap), were subjected to macroscopical and histological studies with regard to the nidation of splenic autografts. Based on the results obtained and considering the above mentioned criteria, a pedicular omental wrap technique with or without retroperitoneal shifting and autograft fixation with fibrin glueing are suggested as the most preferable procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Duodenal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in human biopsies: effect of chronic ethanol consumption and duodenal morphology.

Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was determined in duodenal biopsies, and in the sera of forty-six non-alcoholic and eighteen alcoholic patients with a daily alcohol consumption of more than 80 g. Additionally, duodenal morphology was examined in biopsy material obtained at the same time. In both alcoholics (P less than 0.05) and in non-alcoholics (P less than 0.001) the duodenal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity revealed a significant positive correlation with duodenal villus length. In addition, alcoholics exhibited a significant decrease in duodenal villus length (338 +/- 13 vs. 363 +/- 13 microns, P less than 0.01), and a significant increase in duodenal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity (13.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 8.4 +/- 0.6 mU mg-1 protein, P less than 0.01) when compared to controls. No significant correlation was found between duodenal and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in alcoholics and non-alcoholics. During follow up of two patients, duodenal gamma-glutamyltransferase activity decreased and duodenal villus length increased after withdrawing alcohol. These data underline the damaging effect of alcohol on the duodenal mucosa and demonstrate that chronic alcohol intake reversibly effects duodenal gamma-glutamyltransferase. In addition, the small intestine appears of minor importance as an origin for the elevated serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activities seen in the alcoholic.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The significance of focal global sclerosis in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Long-term clinical observations.

The clinical course of five pediatric patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome associated with focal global sclerosis in renal biopsy was analyzed retrospectively. The condition was defined as complete obsolescence of more than 15% of glomeruli associated with tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. At onset, all children had a steroid-sensitive relapsing nephrotic syndrome. Two became steroid-dependent and one steroid-resistant. Cyclophosphamide or chlorambucil treatment was initially followed by remission in all patients; a second course was successful in one of two patients. After 12 to 18 years of observation, four patients are in remission for periods of 2 to 12 years. Glomerular filtration rate is slightly reduced in only one patient. This study suggests that the clinical course of children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome associated with focal global sclerosis is similar to that observed in patients with minimal glomerular changes but different from that in patients with focal segmental sclerosis.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1985

Acquired multicystic transformation of kidneys.

Acquired multicystic renal transformation of diseased kidneys is a problem known since the early 19th century which has recently regained interest. Such cysts were known before dialysis was established, are seen prior to hemodialysis and in patients on peritoneal dialysis, and can therefore not be a consequence of hemodialysis. It is concluded that an increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma in such kidneys is not established, although, theoretically, several mechanisms might promote carcinogenesis in end-stage kidneys.

Adenoma↗