Although thyroid carcinoma is more common in the adult population, the risk of a nodule being malignant is greater in children. The aim of our present investigation was to ascertain the percentage of malignancy in nodular goiter observed in patients from the Lower Silesia region in the last 12 years. The examination included 60 children (12 boys and 48 girls) treated in our clinic from 1987 to June 1998. Age varied from 7 to 18 years (mean 14.8 +/- 2.4), most of them in the age group between 13 and 18 years. The following investigations were performed: TSH, T3, T4, thyroid ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration biopsy and Tc99 scintigraphy of the thyroid. Most of the patients were euthyroid; two children demonstrated pressure symptoms. All the patients were treated by operation. Histological examinations revealed the following: nodular goiter in 19 patients, cystic nodular goiter in 5, follicular adenoma in 20, fetal adenoma in 3, nodular goiter and follicular adenoma in 6, papillary carcinoma in 6, and follicular carcinoma in 1 patient. We concluded that an increased incidence of thyroid cancer has been noted in children with nodular goiter in Lower Silesia during the last 12 years. Thyroid cancer was observed mostly in patients with single nodules and was associated with a high risk of malignancy.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in three cities in Poland, 1987-1999.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the trends in the incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) in children aged 0-14 years between 1987 and 1999 in three cities in Poland. The study area comprised the provinces of Cracow and Wroclaw and the city of Warsaw. The data were collected prospectively on the basis of the register within the framework of the EURODIAB study up till 1997 and then within the project of the Ministry of Health. During the 13 years of the study period, 766 children (380 girls, 386 boys) with newly diagnosed type 1 DM were identified. The overall age-standardized incidence rates were 8.4/100,000 standardized population/year (95% CI 7.4-9.3) for Cracow province, 6.5/100,000/year (95% CI 5.6-7.4) for Wroclaw province and 7.9/100,000/year (95% CI 6.9-8.8) for Warsaw. A significant trend of increase for children aged 0-14 years was found in the three cities. The analysis of the trend in age subgroups showed a significant increase in incidence in all three age subgroups in Warsaw and Cracow province (0-4 year-old children, p <0.05; 5-9 year-olds, p <0.001 in Cracow province, p <0.05 in Warsaw, and in 10-14 year-olds, p <0.05 in Cracow province, p <0.005 in Warsaw). In the Wroclaw province a significant increase was observed in children aged 0-4 years (p <0.05) and 5-9 years (p <0.001). In children aged 10-14 years the increase was not statistically significant. The results of our study showed that the incidence of type 1 DM in children is rising. A similar phenomenon is occurring in many other countries. The greatest increase of incidence was observed in the 5-9 year-old subgroup of children in Cracow and Wroclaw provinces and in children aged 10-14 years in Warsaw. The incidence rates in excess of 9.0/100,000 per year observed since 1996 have placed Poland in the group of countries with low to medium incidence.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Blood circulation system in children with hyperthyroidism based on the blood thyroid hormone levels].

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Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Thyroid anti-membrane antibodies and antithyroglobulin antibodies of children in the city and province of Wrocław].

The purpose of the work was an assessment of thyroid function and determination of the development of antithyroid autoantibodies in children undergoing iodine prophylaxis after Chernobyl disaster. The level of T3 and T4 was determined by the RIA method, that of TSH by th immunoenzymatic method using Abbott kit, while antimembrane and antithyroglobulin antibodies were determined by the immunoenzymatic method using HTL-Plastomed kit. The studies were carried out in 844 children (433 boys and 411 girls) aged from 4 to 16 years, the selection of whom was described in our earlier report (12). Our studies demonstrated an increased level of T3 in 15.6% of the studied children and increased level of T4 in 12.7% of the cases. In most children the levels of hormones and TSH in the serum were normal. The antimembrane antibodies ATMA were present in 1.9% of the children (0.5% of the boys and 3.4% of the girls), while antithyroglobulin antibodies were found in 2.2% of the studied population (0.9% of the boys and 3.4% of the girls). No correlation was found between clinical picture, size of goitre, hormone level and the presence of thyroid autoantibodies. The studies indicate that radioactive contamination and iodine prophylaxis failed to cause permanent thyroid function disturbances in the studied population. The children in whom autoantibodies or abnormalities in hormone levels were found require further observation.

Adolescent↗