Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Weickel.
Three women with a photoallergic dermatitis precipitated by benzydamine are reported. In one patient the cause of the photosensitization was a cream containing benzydamine (Tantum cream), whereas in the other two the reaction occurred after oral administration (Tantum drops). In all three cases the photosensitization was confirmed by a photopatch test that was positive for the active ingredient benzydamine.
43 patients with suspected adverse reactions to ophthalmic medicaments were tested using three different methods: normal patch test on back skin (ENH), patch test on stripped back skin (HSA) and on scarified skin of the forearm (SKT). The ENH was positive in only 9 patients (20.0%) with one of the used preparations whereas on stripped skin positive reactions were observed in another 14 patients (32.6%). The SKT was solely positive in 10 patients (23.7%). Clinical relevance of these test results has been ascertained in most cases. However, reactions on stripped skin as well as on scarified skin may be false positive. The antibiotics neomycin and gentamicin were the major allergens (13.9% and 9.3%). Some ophthalmic medicaments produced rather severe irritant reactions on scarified skin, confirmed by a positive conjunctival exposure test. In order to detect weak sensitizations or cumulative irritant reactions in patients with long term use of eye medicaments, the application of a method with increased sensitivity such as the patch test on stripped skin or the scarification technique is recommended.
Six cases of contact allergy to bronopol are described (5 females, 1 male; mean age, 60.8 years). Four patients suffered from stasis dermatitis of the lower leg. The cause of sensitization has been traced to bronopol-containing ointments in 5 of 6 cases. For patch testing 0.25% bronopol in petrolatum is recommended. One-third of the patients were also sensitized to formaldehyde, which is a degradation product of bronopol.
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A 48-year-old man developed an allergic contact dermatitis on the chest after 3 months' use of Nitroderm TTS. Epicutaneous testing identified glycerol trinitrate as the allergen.