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R Wigand

Publications and source records attributed to R Wigand.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Restriction site mapping of subgenus D adenoviruses, prototypes 42-47, intermediate and atypical strains.

Restriction site maps with the endonucleases BamHI, BgIII, and HindIII were elaborated for 19 adenovirus strains of subgenus D, namely candidates AV42 to 47, 6 intermediate and 7 atypical strains. On the basis of several types mapped by biochemical methods, the physical maps for the 19 strains were constructed by adapting restriction fragments of defined molecular weight to the known maps, as the homology among strains within this subgenus is considerable. Other prototypes mapped by adaptation were also used for reference. The localization of the restriction sites on the genome was analyzed for all mapped types or strains of subgenus D (except AV8). The sites appeared to be randomly distributed; only one site was common to all strains.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1990

Restriction site mapping of adenovirus prototypes of subgenus D.

Restriction site maps with the endonucleases HindIII, BglII, and Bam HI were elaborated for the majority of 23 adenovirus prototypes of subgenus D (AV8 to AV39). On the basis of four or five types which have been mapped by biochemical methods, the physical maps for other types were constructed by adapting restriction fragments of defined molecular weight, as the homology among types of the same subgenus is considerable. Prototypes of subgenus D shared several common restriction sites; different sites, however, were distributed at random over the genome. The gene loci for hexon and fiber did not show either higher or lower variability.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1990

Genome type analysis of 480 isolates of adenovirus types 1, 2, and 5.

Adenovirus (AV) types 1, 2, and 5, isolated from about 480 patients from 1960 to 1985, most from the United States and Central Europe, were studied by DNA restriction analysis with the endonucleases BamHI, BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, KpnI, and SmaI and compared with the respective prototypes. All different fragment patterns are presented as schematic drawings and their distribution on the genome types was analyzed. Prototype-like strains were isolated in all three types. AV2 exceeded AV1 and AV5 in its genetic variability. Among the many genome types found (36, 61, and 35 for AV1, 2, and 5 respectively), only one or few of each type prevailed, whereas many others were found only once. The temporal and geographic distribution of the genome types is presented.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1989

Molecular epidemiology and restriction site mapping of adenovirus 7 genome types.

From the United States, the Federal Republic of Germany, and other regions, 168 strains of AV7, isolated between 1961 and 1985, were analyzed by six restriction endonucleases and nine genome types were identified. The enzymes BamHI and HindIII were most discriminative. The genome type D5 (or 7b) predominated with 120 isolates since 1970 in both countries. Strains of D2 (7a) and D4 (7c) were isolated for a limited time, D3 for an extended time period. Several clusters of infections with the same genome type were found. Differences in pathogenicity could not be derived from our data. On the basis of restriction site mapping, most other genome types were similar to D5, one to D2 and one to the prototype (D1). The genomic relation between AV7 and AV3 is discussed and shown by a dendrogram.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1989

Genome type analysis of adenovirus 31, a potential causative agent of infants' enteritis.

DNA restriction analysis with 7 endonucleases was performed on 21 adenovirus type 31 strains, isolated from faeces of infants from 1974 to 1987 in different parts of Germany. The strains could be grouped into five genome types, differing from the prototype in two to four endonucleases. BglII was the most discriminative enzyme. The D2 genome type was found 16 times; all others only once or twice. No serological differences were found between the strains.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1989

Genome type analysis of adenoviruses: isolates from one year from the Hannover area.

Adenoviruses (AV), isolated from 138 children during the year 1981 in the Hannover area, were studied by DNA restriction analysis with the enzymes BamHI, BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, KpnI, and SmaI and compared with the respective prototypes. Varying fragment patterns were depicted and genome types analyzed. Prototype-like strains of AV1 and 5 were not found. Types 2, 5, 1, 3, and 7 showed decreasing genetic variation in that order. Altered restriction sites were physically mapped on the genome; they appeared to be randomly distributed. The high genetic variability of AV2 and 5 is remarkable for this study population, limited in time and space. Clinical and epidemiological data were also presented in relation to serotypes.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1989

Genome type analysis of certain adenovirus serotypes of subgenus D.

The DNA of 19 wild strains of adenovirus types 10 (AV10), 13, 19, 24, and 27 was analysed by five restriction endonucleases (BamHI, BglII, BstEII, HindIII, and SmaI) for their genetic variability and compared with their respective prototypes. Six "AV19a" strains were identical among each other, even with five additional enzymes, but widely different from the prototype. Strains of AV10, 24, and 27 were identical or only slightly different from the respective prototypes. In contrast, three AV13 strains differed in all enzyme patterns from those of the prototype and from one another.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1989

Nosocomial and endemic infections with a genome type of adenovirus type 5.

A unique genome type of adenovirus 5 was isolated from 37 specimens of 25 patients. DNA restriction analysis was performed with seven endonucleases. Part of the patients were treated at a bone marrow transplantation unit in Munich. Nosocomial spread, rather than activation of endogenous adenovirus infection, was likely for many of them. In addition, sporadic cases suggested an endemicity of this genome type in Bavaria.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1989

Molecular epidemiology and restriction site mapping of adenovirus type 3 genome types.

One hundred thirty-eight strains of adenovirus type 3 isolated from patients in the United States, West Germany, and other regions between 1961 and 1984 were analyzed with six restriction endonucleases; 18 genome types were found. BglII was the most discriminative enzyme. Mapping of altered restriction sites was also performed for all six enzymes. The genome types D1 (like the prototype) and D3 prevailed among 45 and 47 strains, respectively. All genome types could be divided into two groups related to D1 or D3. Several clusters of infections by strains with the same genome type were observed. Only hints of differences were found in the pathogenicities of individual genome types. D1 strains were present in the United States and in Europe; group D3 prevailed almost exclusively in the United States.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of infrared laser rays on herpes simplex virus and the functions of human immunocompetent cells].

In vitro investigations were performed to study the effect of infrared Nd:YAG laser irradiation on herpes simplex virus and the viral replication in herpes-infected Vero cell microcultures. In addition, the influence of laser irradiation on human immuncompetent cells was investigated by irradiation and incubation of herpes-infected cell cultures overlaid with leucocytes and observation of leucocyte migration under agarose after laser irradiation. There was no evidence of herpes simplex virus inactivation by laser irradiation. Irradiation of Vero cell microcultures infected with virus did not influence the development of the viral cytopathic effect. However, irradiated cultures showed an increase of about 50% in the virus yield. Only a slight indication of laser influence on immunocompetent cells was found. Cell cultures incubated with leucocytes (from both seropositive and seronegative donors) and irradiated showed an inhibitory effect with about half the virus yield seen in unirradiated controls. However, there was no relation between the energy applied and yield reduction. In addition, laser light caused no change in leucocyte migration.

Cell Migration Inhibition↗
PubMed1986

Antigenic homogeneity of adenovirus types 1, 2, 5, and 6.

One hundred twenty strains of adenovirus types 1, 2, 5, and 6 (subgenus C), isolated at various times and places, were tested by neutralization and hemagglutination inhibition with two antisera of each type. Except for one type 5 strain they reacted largely type-specifically in both tests and neither qualitative nor quantitative differences were observed. Serologically intermediate strains were not found. The antigenic homogeneity is in contrast to the heterogeneity of the genomes of subgenus C adenoviruses.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1985

[Infection rate with adenivirus 1 to 39 in infants and adults].

To study the infection rate with adenoviruses (Ad) in infants, sera from 75 infants aged 8 to 26 months were tested for neutralizing antibodies against Ad 1 to 39. Antibodies against Ad 1, 2, 5, and 6 were frequently found, against Ad 7 more rarely, whereas one serum reacted with each Ad 3, 4, 18, 31, and 37 and none with all other types. A significant association of positive reactions against several or all of Ad 1, 2, 5, and 6 was observed in neutralization, but not in hemagglutination inhibition, probably due to a subgenus-specific antibody response. The titer of neutralizing antibodies in human gammaglobulin was determined as an estimate for the prevalence of Ad 1 to 39 in the general population.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1979

Adenine arabinoside inhibition of adenovirus replication enhanced by an adenosine deaminase inhibitor.

The inhibition of adenovirus multiplication by adenine arabinoside was determined by yield reduction in one-step multiplication cycle. Inhibition was greatly enhanced by an adenosine deaminase inhibitor (2-deoxycoformycin) in concentrations down to 10 ng/ml. Adenovirus types from four subgroups showed similar results. However, the enhancing effect of adenosine deaminase inhibitor was great in HeLa cells, moderate in human fibroblasts, and negligible in Vero cells. This difference could be explained by different concentrations of adenosine deaminase found in cell homogenates.

Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1979

[Virological diagnosis of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (author's transl)].

Among 180 patients with proved adenovirus infection of the eye, 144 infections with adenovirus 8 (Ad 8) were found. 11 or 7 patients were infected with Ad 19 or Ad 4 respectively; further 18 cases were associated with 6 other serotypes. The main symptoms of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) (pronounced inflammatory swelling of the plica and caruncula, nummular corneal infiltations) are not confined to Ad 8 infections. For the virological diagnosis, a combination of virus isolation and serology is recommended. Virus isolation is mostly successful from conjunctival swabs obtained during the first week of the disease. For serological investigation, the first blood specimen should be taken as early as possible, the second not earlier than 15 days after onset of disease. The mere application of the group-specific adenovirus complement-fixation is insufficient; it should be supplied by neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition with Ad 8 (or Ad 19) virus, although these reactions are not invariably type-specific. A swifter diagnosis of the adenovirus infection by immunofluorescence performed in cell cultures inoculated with conjunctival material, 3 or 7 days after inoculation, was often successful; however, this procedure proved to be less sensitive than virus isolation.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMed1978

Relationship of human adenoviruses 12, 18, and 31 as determined by hemagglutination inhibition.

Adenoviruses 12 and 31, but not Ad18, agglutinate rat blood cells at high titer, providing suitable blood cells be available and a prolonged contact period of virus with the erythrocytes is allowed. Purified virus particles show direct, and virus-free supernatants show direct and indirect, hemagglutination, ie, enhancement of HA by heterologous antiserum. Hemagglutination inhibition with rabbit antisera shows cross-reactions between Ad12 and Ad31 with titers 4--32 times lower than with homologous antigens; Ad18 antisera react with antigens from both of the other serotypes. No cross-reactions were seen with antisera from other adenoviruses. This suggests an antigenic relationship of the three viruses of subgroup IV in their fiber antigen gamma, in addition to the known relation in the hexon (epsilon), which is apparent in cross-neutralization.

Adenoviruses, Human↗
PubMed1978

The susceptibility of Vero cell cultures for human adenoviruses.

Human adenoviruses 1 to 28 were shown to produce a cytopathic effect in Vero cell cultures. Viruses of subgroups III and IV (Ad 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, and 18) were readily passaged in Vero cell cultures and were produced in high amounts. This was also found for Ad 11, 16, and 21, while Ad 3, 4, and 7 showed a lower degree of multiplication and Ad 14 could not be passed serially. For Ad 8, 26, 27, 20, 25, and 28, a multiplication in Vero cells could not be proved, while the remaining serotypes of subgroup II showed a moderate degree of multiplication. The sensitivity of Vero cells to small amounts of virus was lower than that of HeLa cells. No adaption of adenoviruses to Vero cells after 5 Vero passages was observed. Attempts to enhance virus multiplication by coinfection with SV40 failed.

Adenoviridae↗