Biomedical subjects

R Wiltscheck

Publications and source records attributed to R Wiltscheck.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1998

NMR structure of a parallel homotrimeric coiled coil.

The solution structure of the oligomerization domain of cartilage matrix protein (also known as matrilin-1) has been determined by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. The domain folds into a parallel, disulfide-linked, three-stranded, alpha-helical coiled coil, spanning five heptad repeats in the amino acid sequence. The sequence of the first two heptad repeats shows some deviations from the consensus of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residue preferences. While the corresponding region of the coiled coil has a higher intrinsic flexibility, backbone alpha-helix and superhelix parameters are consistent with a regular coiled coil structure.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1997

Heteronuclear NMR assignments and secondary structure of the coiled coil trimerization domain from cartilage matrix protein in oxidized and reduced forms.

The C-terminal oligomerization domain of chicken cartilage matrix protein is a trimeric coiled coil comprised of three identical 43-residue chains. NMR spectra of the protein show equivalent magnetic environments for each monomer, indicating a parallel coiled coil structure with complete threefold symmetry. Sequence-specific assignments for 1H-, 15N-, and 13C-NMR resonances have been obtained from 2D 1H NOESY and TOCSY spectra, and from 3D HNCA, 15N NOESY-HSQC, and HCCH-TOCSY spectra. A stretch of alpha-helix encompassing five heptad repeats (35 residues) has been identified from intra-chain HN-HN and HN-H alpha NOE connectivities. 3JHNH alpha coupling constants, and chemical shift indices. The alpha-helix begins immediately downstream of inter-chain disulfide bonds between residues Cys 5 and Cys 7, and extends to near the C-terminus of the molecule. The threefold symmetry of the molecule is maintained when the inter-chain disulfide bonds that flank the N-terminus of the coiled coil are reduced. Residues Ile 21 through Glu 36 show conserved chemical shifts and NOE connectivities, as well as strong protection from solvent exchange in the oxidized and reduced forms of the protein. By contrast, residues Ile 10 through Val 17 show pronounced chemical shift differences between the oxidized and reduced protein. Strong chemical exchange NOEs between HN resonances and water indicate solvent exchange on time scales faster than 10 s, and suggests a dynamic fraying of the N-terminus of the coiled coil upon reduction of the disulfide bonds. Possible roles for the disulfide crosslinks of the oligomerization domain in the function of cartilage matrix protein are proposed.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1996

Accretion of structure in staphylococcal nuclease: an 15N NMR relaxation study.

15N main-chain dynamics are compared in four forms of staphylococcal nuclease with different stabilities to unfolding: (1) SN-T, the ternary complex of the protein, Ca2+, and the inhibitor thymidine 3', 5'-bisphosphate; (2) SN, the protein in the absence of added ligands; (3) SN-OB, a folded fragment that corresponds to an "OB-fold" subdomain; (4) delta 131 delta, a denatured 131-residue fragment. SN-T exhibits very little internal motion on the nanosecond timescale. In SN, a moderate increase in flexibility is observed for the first three strands of the five-stranded beta-sheet, and for a loop between strands 4 and 5. In SN-OB, the loops between strands 3 and 4, and between strands 4 and 5, are extremely flexible on the nanosecond timescale. While the beta-sheets of SN-OB and SN have comparable dynamics on the nanosecond timescale, the beta-sheet in SN-OB experiences additional motion on a slower timescale of 330(+/-170) microseconds. We attribute the latter to interconversion between a major folded (> or = 98%) and a minor unfolded (> or = 2%) conformation. In delta 131 delta, the first three strands of beta-sheet experience conformational averaging on the millisecond timescale. Most of the remainder of the polypeptide chain is highly flexible on the nanosecond timescale. When all four forms of nuclease are considered, there is an increase in the proportion of residues with large amplitude internal motions (low order parameters) as the stability of the folded state is decreased. Residues with low order parameters cluster to distinct regions of the chain, and have H alpha chemical shifts and 3JHN-H alpha coupling constants that tend towards "random coil" values. Conversely, a trend towards uniformly high order parameters suggests a consolidation of structure with increasing stability to denaturation.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗

PubMed1996

A fragment of staphylococcal nuclease with an OB-fold structure shows hydrogen-exchange protection factors in the range reported for "molten globules".

Hydrogen-exchange rates for an OB-fold subdomain fragment of staphylococcal nuclease have been measured at pH 4.7 and 4 degrees C, conditions close to the minimum of acid/base catalyzed exchange. The strongest protection from solvent exchange is observed for residues from a five-stranded beta-barrel in the NMR structure of the protein. Protection factors, calculated from the experimental hydrogen-exchange rates, range between 1 and 190. Similarly small protection factors have in many cases been attributed to "molten globule" conformations that are supposed to lack a specific tertiary structure. The present results suggest that marginal protection from solvent exchange does not exclude well-defined structure.

Hydrogen Bonding↗

PubMed1995

Determination of the three-dimensional structure of the bifunctional alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor from ragi seeds by NMR spectroscopy.

The three-dimensional structure of the bifunctional alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor (RBI) from seeds of ragi (Eleusine coracana Gaertneri) has been determined in solution using multidimensional 1H and 15N NMR spectroscopy. The inhibitor consists of 122 amino acids, with 5 disulfide bridges, and belongs to the plant alpha-amylase/trypsin inhibitor family for which no three-dimensional structures have yet been available. The structure of the inhibitor was determined on the basis of 1131 interresidue interproton distance constraints derived from nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements and 52 phi angles, supplemented by 9 psi and 51 chi 1 angles. RBI consists of a globular four-helix motif with a simple "up-and-down" topology. The helices are between residues 18-29, 37-51, 58-65, and 87-94. A fragment from Val 67 to Ser 69 and Gln 73 to Glu 75 forms an antiparallel beta-sheet. The fold of RBI represents a new motif among the serine proteinase inhibitors. The trypsin binding loop of RBI adopts the "canonical", substrate-like conformation which is highly conserved among serine proteinase inhibitors. The binding loop is stabilized by the two adjacent alpha-helices 1 and 2. This motif is also novel and not found in known structures of serine proteinase inhibitors. The three-dimensional structure of RBI together with biochemical data suggests the location of the alpha-amylase binding site on the face of the molecule opposite to the site of the trypsin binding loop. The RBI fold should be general for all members of the RBI family because conserved residues among the members of the family from the core of the structure.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Structure of severin domain 2 in solution.

The three-dimensional structure of domain 2 of severin in aqueous solution was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Severin is a Ca(2+)-activated actin-binding protein that servers F-actin, nucleates actin assembly, and caps the fast-growing ends of actin filaments. The 114-residue domain consists of a central five-stranded beta-sheet, sandwiched between a parallel four-turn alpha-helix and, on the other face, a roughly perpendicular two-turn alpha-helix. There are two distinct binding sites for Ca2+ located near the N and C termini of the long helix. Conserved residues of the gelsolin-severin family contribute to the apolar core of domain 2 of severin, so that the overall fold of the protein is similar to those of segment 1 of gelsolin and profilins. Together with biochemical experiments, this structure helps to explain how severin interacts with actin.

Actins↗

PubMed1993

Structure in solution of the major cold-shock protein from Bacillus subtilis.

The cold-shock domain (CSD) is found in many eukaryotic transcriptional factors and is responsible for the specific binding to DNA of a cis-element called the Y-box. The same domain exists in the sequence of the Xenopus RNA-binding proteins FRG Y1 and FRG Y2 (refs 1, 3). The major cold-shock proteins of Escherichia coli (CS7.4) and B. subtilis (CspB) have sequences that are more than 40 per cent identical to the cold-shock domain. We present here the three-dimensional structure of CspB determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The 67-residue protein consists of an antiparallel five-stranded beta-barrel with strands connected by turns and loops. The structure resembles that of staphylococcal nuclease and the gene-5 single-stranded-DNA-binding protein. A three-stranded beta-sheet, which contains the conserved RNA-binding motif RNP1 as well as a motif similar to RNP2 in two neighbouring antiparallel beta-strands, has basic and aromatic residues at its surface which could serve as a binding site for single-stranded DNA. CspB binds to single-stranded DNA in gel retardation experiments.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1992

Structure of hisactophilin is similar to interleukin-1 beta and fibroblast growth factor.

The fast reaction of the actin-based cytoskeleton in motile cells after stimulation with a chemoattractant requires a signal-transduction chain that creates a very specific environment at distinct regions beneath the plasma membrane. Dictyostelium hisactophilin, a unique actin-binding protein, is a submembranous pH sensor that signals slight changes of the H+ concentration to actin by inducing actin polymerization and binding to microfilaments only at pH values below seven. It has a relative molecular mass of 13.5K and its most unusual feature is the presence of 31 histidine residues among its total of 118 amino acids. The transduction of an external signal from the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton is poorly understood. Here we report the protein's structure in solution determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The nuclear Overhauser effect intensities of the three-dimensional nuclear Overhauser spectra were used directly in the calculations. The overall folding of histactophilin is similar to that of interleukin-1 beta and fibroblast growth factor, but the primary amino-acid sequence of hisactophilin is unrelated to these two proteins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗