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Biomedical subjects

R Woodard

Publications and source records attributed to R Woodard.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Participation in curbside recycling schemes and its variation with material types.

Local authorities throughout the UK are refining or implementing curbside recycling schemes as they attempt to achieve challenging statutory recycling targets. Despite the importance of curbside schemes there are few published studies that have reported on actual measured levels and frequency of participation by residents, hindering transferability of lessons learned nationally and internationally. This paper reports measurements and analysis over at least four weeks for three different curbside recycling schemes operating in England, with at least 1400 samples in each. It is found that the participation rate is higher in schemes that collect more types of materials. Participation rates of 38%, 49% and 65% were measured for schemes that collected 1, 2 and 3 material types, respectively. The increase appears to be related not only to extra participants setting out the additional materials, but also increased participation for the common materials. It is found that for one scheme, more households tend to set out plastics and cans compared to newspapers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The development of a UK kerbside scheme using known practice.

Local authorities in the UK have been set challenging new targets for recycling household waste for 2003/4. This means many of them are urgently trying to determine which parameters in kerbside schemes are most important for increasing recycling rates. In this work information from previous kerbside schemes was used to plan significant improvements in an existing scheme in Horsham District, UK, and a trial was conducted using 1000 homes including a control group. It used fortnightly collection of residual waste with sets of recyclables collected on alternate weeks. The new scheme resulted in improvements of participation rates from 72 to 84%, and set-out rates from 45 to 59% (falling to 76 and 50% respectively, some months later). Details on participation and set-out for different groups of materials are given, as well as levels of excess waste and participation in the collection of garden waste.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed1996

Double tagging recombinant A1- and A2A-adenosine receptors with hexahistidine and the FLAG epitope. Development of an efficient generic protein purification procedure.

An expression plasmid for mammalian cells (CLDN10B) has been modified to add nucleotides encoding hexahistidine and the FLAG peptide (H/F) to cDNAs. The new mammalian expression plasmid has been named pDoubleTrouble (pDT). The plasmid and a recombinant baculovirus were used to produce native-and H/F-human A1 and A2A adenosine receptors, optimally expressed in CHO-K1 and Sf9 cells, respectively. Binding to recombinant H/F-A1 receptors (Bmax = 30 pmol/mg protein) was characterized using [3H]8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine ([3H]CPX) and 125I-N6-aminobenzyladenosine (125I-ABA). Binding to H/F-A2A receptors (Bmax = 48 pmol/mg protein) was characterized using [3H]5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine ([3H]NECA) and [3H]2-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino]-NECA ([3H]CGS21680). By comparison to native receptors, the addition of H/F to the amino termini of these receptors had no effect on the binding affinities cyclic AMP accumulation in intact cells was not affected by the H/F extension. Anti-FLAG and Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography resulted in high yield ( >50% overall recovery) of nearly homogeneous deglycosylation with N-glycosidase F. We anticipate that pDT will be generally useful for facilitating the purification in high yield of recombinant receptors and other proteins by single or sequential affinity chromatography steps.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1979

Resolution and absolute configuration of trans-2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)cyclopropylamine, a potent hallucinogen analogue.

An hallucinogen analogue, trans-2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)cyclopropylamine (DMCPA), was resolved into ints two enantiomers by fractional crystallization of salts with d- or l-O,O-dibenzoyltartaric acid. A comparison of the ORD and CD curves of the N-5-bromosalicylidene derivatives of trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine of known absolute configuration and of the title compound established the stereochemistry of the latter to be (1R,2S)-(-) and (1s,2r)-(+). We have earlier shown that the (-) isomer shows selective behavioral effects in cats and mice. In present study it was found that the (-) isomer selectively elicits rabbit hyperthermia when compared with the (+) isomer. In view of the stereoselective ability of the (-) isomer to elicit hallucinogen-like behavioral profiles in these animal models, the proof of absolute configuration lends further support to a new model which interrelates the active binding, conformation of phenethylamine hallucinogens to that of serotonin and tryptamines.

DOM 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Methylamphetamine↗