[Application of problem-based learning in the teaching of the nursing process].
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Education, Nursing↗
Biomedical subjects
R Y Zhang
Publications and source records attributed to R Y Zhang.
Anhydroicaritin 3-O-rhamnosyl(1-->2)rhamnoside from epimedium koreanum and a reappraisal of other rhamnosyl(1-->2, 1-->3 and 1-->4)rhamnoside structures.
An anhydroicaritin 3-O-rhamnosylrhamnoside from Epimedium koreanum is defined as the 3-O-alpha-L-[alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)rhamnopyranoside] on the basis of 2D NMR evidence. Complete assignments of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of this compound are presented for the first time. The NMR distinction of 1-->2, 1-->3 and 1-->4 linked rhamnopyranosylrhamnopyranosides are discussed and indicate that baohuosides III and V from E. davidii and baohuoside VI from E. davidii and E. pubescens, respectively, are (1-->2) linked.
Carbohydrate Conformation↗
Triterpenoid saponins from Bupleurum smithii var. parvifolium.
Four triterpenoidal saponins, prosaikogenin A and saikosaponins b1, n and o, were isolated from the roots of the title plant for the first time. Saikosaponin O is a new compound, which was identified as 3 beta,16 beta,23,28-tetrahydroxyolean-11,12(18)-diene-3-O-beta-D-glucopy ran osyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1--> 6)-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranoside.
Carbohydrate Conformation↗
Flavonoids from Epimedium wanshanense.
A novel flavonol glycoside named wanepimedoside A was isolated from the whole plant of Epimedium wanshanense, along with fifteen known flavonoids, anhydroicaritin, desmethylanhydroicaritin, icarisid I and II, quercetin, ikarisoside A and B, sagittatoside B, 2"-O-rhamnosylicarisid II, icariin, 2"-O-rhamnosylikarisoside A, epimedin B, epimedin C, and diphylloside A and B.
Carbohydrate Conformation↗
[The development of the problem--based learning].
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Humans↗
Flavonol glycosides from Epimedium koreanum.
A novel flavonol glycoside named caohuoside-B was isolated from the aerial parts of Epimedium koreanum, along with a known flavonol glycoside, epimedokoreanoside-I. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. The new compound was elucidated as anhydroicaritin 3-O-beta-D-(4,6-O- diacetyl)glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-(4"-O-acetylrhamnopyranoside+ ++)-7-O-beta- D-glucopyranoside.
Carbohydrate Conformation↗
[Isolation and identification of two new saponins from Bupleurum smithii Wolff].
Two new saikosaponins of oleanane type were isolated from the roots of Bupleurum smithii Wolff, collected in Minhe County, Qinghai, namely saikosaponin k (VIb) and saikosaponin 1 (VIII). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis of UV, IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and FAB-MS. Saikosaponin k (VIb) was identified as 3 beta, 16 beta, 23,28-tetrahydroxyoleana-11,13(18)-dien-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta- D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-fucopyranoside, and saikosaponin 1 (VIII) as 3 beta, 16 alpha, 23,28,30-pentahydroxyoleana-11,13(18)-dien-3-O-beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-fucopyranoside, respectively.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
[Studies on the triterpenoids from roots of Glycyrrhiza squamulosa Franch].
A new triterpenoid, squasapogenol (S-11), was isolated from the hydrolytic products of dilute ethanol (10%) extract of the roots of Glycyrrhiza squamulosa Franch, along with four known triterpenoids. The structure of S-11 was elucidated as olean-11,13(18)-diene-3 beta, 22 beta-diol on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic data. The four known compounds were identified as betulinic acid(S-8), methyl ester of macedonic acid(S-9), soyasapogenol B (S-10) and olean-13(18)-ene-22 alpha-Cl-3 beta, 24-diol(S-12).
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
[Studies on the chemical constituents of Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora Maxim].
A species of the genus Glycyrrhiza, G. pallidiflora Maxim, growing in Jiangsu and Hebei Provices of China, has been little studied before on its chemical constituents. This paper reports the isolation and chemical elucidation of five compounds from this plant, one of them is a new compound named glypallichalcone (P-2). Their chemical structures were elucidated by means of chemical and spectrometric analysis (UV, IR, MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR) and were first reported to be present in this plant. Glypallichalcone (P-2), was found to be 4-hydroxy-2,4'-dimethoxy-chalcone. The known compounds were identified to be 4'-O-methylcoumestrol (P-1), N-acetyl-glutamic acid (P-3), formononetin and beta-sitosterol (P-5).
Chalcone↗
[The structure of glyeurysaponin].
A species of the genus Glycyrrhiza, G. eurycarpa P.C. Li recently reported as a new species growing in Gansu Province Xinjiang Autonomous Region has rarely been studied before on its chemical constituents. This paper reports the isolation and chemical elucidation of two triterpene glucosides named glyeurysaponin (K-4) and uralsaponin B (K-3) from this species collected in Jinta County, Gansu Province. Their chemical structures were elucidated by means of chemical and spectrometric analysis (UV, IR, MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR) and were first reported to be present in this plant. Glyeurysaponin (K-4), C42H62O16 was obtained as white crystals, mp 288 degrees C (d), [alpha]18D + 22.5 degrees (c 0.62,60%MeOH). Its structure was found to be be 3 beta-hydroxy-11-oxo-olean-12-en-30-oic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1----4)-beta-D-glucuronopyr anoside. Glyeurysaponin is a new triterpenoid saponin. The known saponin was identified to be 3 beta-hydroxy-11-oxo-olean-12-en-30-oic acid-3-O-beta-D-glucuronopyranosyl-(1----3)-beta-D-glucuronopyr anoside, uralsaponin B.
Glycyrrhiza↗
[Quality evaluation of Chinese licorice].
The contents of 12 compounds, viz. glycyrrhizinic acid, uralsaponin A, uralsaponin B, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, glycycoumarin, isoglycycoumarin, licochalcone A, glycyrol and isoglycyrol, present in Chinese licorice, the roots and rhizomes of 8 Glycyrrhiza species collected from 15 districts in China, were determined by high performance liquid chromatographic method. The quality evaluation of Chinese licorice was discussed according to the results of the determinations.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
[Separation and quantitative determination of three saponins in licorice root by high performance liquid chromatography].
A new analytical method for the separation and simultaneous determination of three saponins in Licorice root by high performance liquid chromatography has been developed. The saponins, glycyrrhizic acid (S-I), uralsaponin B (S-II) and uralsaponin A (S-III) were separated and determined by use of the solvent system CH3CN-3% HOAc (H2O) (47:53) at 248 nm, and with gradient increasing flow rate, the operation can be completed in 20 min. This method is sensitive and acuate with good reproducibility. The contents of three saponins in Chinese Licorice roots derived from four Glycyrrhiza species were determined.
Anti-Infective Agents↗
[Chemical studies of coumarins from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch].
This paper reports the isolation and identification of eight crystalline substances (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII) from the root of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Besides the known compounds liquiritin, hexacosance, beta-sitosterol, licoricone liquiritigenin and etc, a new constituent, named neoglycyrol was obtained by sillica gel and polyamide column chromatographic method. Its chemical structure was elucidated by means of chemical and spectrometric analysis (UV, IR, NMR and MS). Neoglycyrol, C21H18O6, yellow needles with mp 263.5-265 degrees C, possesses one methoxyl, one isopentenyl and two hydroxyls. Its diacetate derivative is C25H22O8 with mp 202-203.5 degrees C. Its dimethyl ether derivative is C23H22O6 with mp 207-208.5 degrees C. Its structure was found to be VII.
Coumarins↗
[New triterpenoidal sapogenins from the roots of Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis].
Two new pentacyclic triterpenoidal sapogenins of oleanane type, namely glyyunnansapogenin A (I) and glyyunnansapogenin B (II), together with a known compound beta-sitosterol were isolated and characterized from the roots of Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis Cheng f. et L. K. Tai, family Leguminosae, collected in Yunnan Province, China. I was obtained as its methyl ester (Ia), mp 276-277 degrees C, which formed a diacetate (Ic), mp 244-245 degrees C. II, mp 287-289 degrees C, gave a triacetate (IIb), mp 286-287 degrees C and a monomethyl ester (IIa), mp 272-275 degrees C, which further formed a triacetate (IIc), mp 187-189 degrees C and a diacetate (IId), mp 243-245 degrees C after treatment with acetic anhydride and pyridine over night at room temperature. The structures of I and II were established by spectral analyses of IR, 1H NMR, 13CNMR, MS, CD and ORD. Glyyunnansapogenin A (I) was proved to be 3 beta, 24-dihydroxy-16-oxo-olean-12-en-29-oic acid and glyyunnansapogenin B (II) 3 beta, 21 alpha, 24-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-30-oic acid respectively.
Chemical Phenomena↗
[Glyyunnanprosapogenin and glyyunnansapogenin from the roots of Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis].
Two new triterpenoidal sapogenins of oleanane type, namely glyyunnanprosapogenin D (V) and glyyunnansapogenin F (IX) were isolated from the roots of Glycyrrhiza yunnanensis Cheng f. et L. K. Tai, family Leguminosae, collected from Yunnan Province, China. V was obtained as hexaacetate and dimethyl ester form (Vc), mp 168-170 degrees C, C56H78O22, which gave an aglycone macedonic acid (V') and two molecules of glucuronic acid after hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid. The spectral analysis of 13CNMR and 1HNMR showed that Vc had two glycoside residues attached to the aglycone, and therefore the structure of V was established as oleana-11, 13(18)-dien-29-oic acid, 3 beta, 21 alpha-di-(O-beta-D-glucuronic acid) pyranoside. IX was obtained as its diacetate and monomethyl ester form (IXc), mp 188-190 degrees C, C35H50O7. The IR, 1HNMR and UV spectra showed that the IXc had a skeleton of oleanane type triterpenoid with heteroannular diene. IXb, diacetate of IX, unpurified, was converted to IXf with chromium trioxide in glacial acetic acid. IXf, mp 160-164 degrees C, C30H46O8, was proved to be olean-12-en-11-oxo-3 beta,24-diacetoxy-18 beta-hydroxy-30-oic acid, 30 in equilibrium 18 beta lactone with another carbonyl group at C-15,16,21 or 22 by the analysis of 13CNMR, 1HNMR and MS spectra.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
[The histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma: a clinicopathological analysis of 135 cases].
135 cases of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) are presented. It is the largest series of ASPS currently reported in the medical literature. Follow-up clinical data were available in 51 cases. 68 of the patients were male and 67 were female. The mean age of the patients when making the diagnosis was 35.5 years. Most of the tumors were located at the extremities (72.1%), particularly on the thigh and buttock (36.1%). The five year survival rate was 45.9%, the recurrence rate was 47.1%, and the metastatic rate was 35.3%. The most common sites of metastases were the lung, brain and liver. Microscopially, all the tumors gave a typical organoid structure. Electron microscopic study showed special crystals in the tumor cells. 33 cases of ASPS were examined immunohistochemically with 16 kinds of antibodies in order to clarify the histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma. The presence of desmin, actin, myoglobin and myosin suggests the myogenic character of this tumor.
Adolescent↗
[The structure of glyuranolide, a new triterpene of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch].
Using a medium pressure liquid chromatographic system, a new triterpene lactone named glyuranolide [3 beta, 22 alpha-dihydroxy-11-oxo-delta 12-oleanene-27 alpha-methoxy carbonyl-29-oic acid (29, 22 alpha-) lactone.] was isolated from the crude sapogenins of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. Its structure was elucidated by IR, UV, FAB-MS, and various NMR spectra (including NOE, BBD, INEPT, SR, COSY, NOESY etc.).
Chemical Phenomena↗
[Advances in research on the chemistry of saponins in Bupleurum].
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗