PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Yadav

Publications and source records attributed to R Yadav.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Clinical and echocardiographic predictors of left atrial clot and spontaneous echo contrast in patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis: a prospective study in 200 patients by transesophageal echocardiography.

The objective of this study was to prospectively investigate various clinical and echocardiographic variables to predict the left atrial and left atrial appendage clot and spontaneous echo contrast in patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis. We studied 200 consecutive patients (112 males and 88 females; mean age 29.6+/-9.6 years). Left atrial clot and spontaneous echo contrast were present in 26 and 53.5% of cases, respectively. There were no significant differences in the mitral valve area, mean transmitral diastolic gradient and left ventricular ejection fraction between patients with and without clot. Patients with clot were older (34.4+/-11.4 vs. 28.2+/-8.5 years, P<0.001), had longer duration of symptoms (41. 4+/-36.0 vs. 28.8+/-22.9 months, P<0.001), more frequent atrial fibrillation and spontaneous echo contrast (69.2 vs. 16.9%, P<0. 00001 and 76.9 vs. 45.3%, P<0.00001, respectively) and larger left atrial area and diameter (41.0+/-12.7 vs. 29.9+/-7.4 cm(2), P<0.00001 and 53.9+/-8.3 vs. 47.6+/-7.4 mm, P<0.0001, respectively) as compared to patients without clot. Similarly patients with spontaneous echo contrast were older (31+/-10.4 vs. 27.8+/-8.3 years, P<0.01), had more frequent atrial fibrillation (48.6 vs. 9.7%, P<0.0001), left atrial clot (37.4 vs. 12.9%, P<0.0001), larger left atrial area and diameter (37.6+/-11.2 vs. 28.1+/-6.7 cm(2), P<0.00001 and 52.2+/-8.3 vs. 45.9+/-6.5 mm, P<0.00001, respectively) and smaller mitral valve area (0.77+/-0.14 vs. 0.84+/-0.13 cm(2), P<0.01) as compared to patients without spontaneous echo contrast. There were no significant differences in the mean transmitral diastolic gradient and left ventricular ejection fraction. On multiple regression and discriminant function analysis, atrial fibrillation and left atrial area were independent predictors of left atrial clot formation. In a subgroup of patients with sinus rhythm, larger left atrial area and presence of spontaneous echo contrast were significantly associated with the presence of clot in left atrium and appendage. We conclude that in patients with severe mitral stenosis, the presence of atrial fibrillation and in the subgroup of the patients with sinus rhythm the presence of large left atrium (> or =40 cm(2)) and spontaneous echo contrast were associated with higher risk of clot formation in the left atrium and might be benefited by prophylactic anticoagulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Right pulmonary artery left atrium communication.

A 12-year-old boy presented with central cyanosis, clubbing, and ejection systolic murmur in the left second and third intercostal space. Chest roentgenogram showed a round opacity on the right border of cardiac silhouette. Echocardiography revealed a communication between right pulmonary artery and left atrium, which was later confirmed on selective pulmonary cineangiography. Successful surgical ligation without cardiopulmonary bypass resulted in the cure of the disease.

Angiocardiography↗
PubMed1999

Antifertility effect of aqueous extract of seeds of Cassia fistula in female rats.

Oral administration of aqueous extract of seeds of Cassia fistula to mated female rats from day 1-5 of pregnancy at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight resulted in 57.14% and 71.43% prevention of pregnancy, respectively, whereas 100% pregnancy inhibition was noted at 500 mg/kg bw. In the uterine bioassay test carried out in immature bilaterally ovariectomized female rats, aqueous extract of seeds of Cassia fistula (100 mg/kg bw) increased the uterine wet weight (p<0.05) and luminal epithelial cell height (p<0.001) but did not induce premature opening of the vagina. This suggests a mild estrogenic activity of the extract. However, when the extract was administered conjointly with estradiol valerate (EDV, 0.1 mg/kg bw), it significantly (p<0.001) prevented the estrogen-induced uterotrophic effect, thus showing an antiestrogenic nature of the extract in the presence of a strong estrogen.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Good response of malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary to paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy.

Survival of patients with advanced stage malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary is poor and the best treatment remains unknown. A 62-year-old woman diagnosed with stage IIIC heterologous malignant mixed mullerian tumor of the ovary underwent optimal cytoreductive surgery followed by paclitaxel (135 mg/m2 over 24 hours) and cisplatin (75 mg/m2) every 4 weeks for 6 courses. The patient tolerated chemotherapy well, had complete clinical response and remained without disease for 21 months following diagnosis. Paclitaxel and cisplatin may be effective in malignant mixed mullerian tumors of the ovary.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1999

Prevalence of coronary risk factors in non-insulin dependent (type 2) diabetics.

OBJECTIVES: A cross sectional study was conducted to find the prevalence of coronary risk factors in non-insulin dependent diabetic (NIDDM) patients and to compare and co-relate these risk factors in type II diabetics with and without electrocardiographic and/or symptomatic evidence of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: One hundred sixty-seven consecutive NIDDM patients (77 males, and 90 females) attending the diabetic clinic at Dr. RML Hospital, New Delhi were studied. Only known NIDDM cases, already on treatment and without any history of ketosis or congestive heart failure were included. Coronary risk factors comprising of age, gender, duration and treatment for diabetes, smoking, physical activity, hypertension, truncal obesity, lipids, microalbuminuria (semiquantitative) and glycemic control have been particularly ascertained in all the cases. The data was analysed using 'Epi Info version 6.0'. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 53.12 year and 8.86 year was the mean duration of diabetes. 28.6% of the diabetic men were found to be currently smoking and/or consuming alcohol, 82% were involved in sedentary physical activity and 20.4% had family history of CHD. Central obesity was observed in 46.7% of the cases; more so in females. 31.74% of cases were hypertensive; more females than males had hypertension (33.8% vs 30%). Poor glycemic control (HbA1c > = 9.5%) was seen in 16.8% of the cases. In about 52.5% of the total group hypertriglyceridemia was noted. Microalbuminuria could be found in 35.93%. CHD was diagnosed in 15.57% of cases in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that high levels of serum cholesterol (p = 0.000004), LDL (p = 0.00003), HbA1c (p = 0.002), microalbuminuria (p = 0.000006) and hypertension (p = 0.00006) are significant associates of CHD in NIDDM (both the sexes). Among the female NIDDM cases, in addition BMI (p = 0.01), Waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p = 0.003) and low HDL level (p = 0.008) are important correlates of CHD. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to allow for confounding between variables. Microalbuminuria alone entered the 'best' model for CHD prediction. Other risk factors, though significant, provided inadequate models for CHD prediction.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty during pregnancy: use of the Inoue balloon and the physiologic antegrade approach.

We describe the use of the Inoue balloon to dilate the aortic valve by the physiologic antegrade route during pregnancy. A 27-year-old pregnant woman with severe aortic stenosis presented with progressive dyspnea and presyncope at 26 weeks of pregnancy. She subsequently underwent percutaneous valvuloplasty by the antegrade route utilizing the transseptal puncture. We conclude that percutaneous antegrade balloon valvuloplasty by the Inoue balloon (venous approach) is a safe and effective procedure. It markedly reduces fluoroscopy and is a palliative procedure that allows pregnancy to continue.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Fertility outcome after reversal of sterilization.

OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to evaluate the fertility outcome in sterilization reversals and a variety of factors that have been suggested to influence the successful outcome of sterilization reversal procedures. METHOD: It is a retrospective study involving all sterilization reversals performed between January 1991 and December 1995 in our hospital. A total of 58 cases were treated. Tubal anastomosis was performed according to rules of microsurgery. The loupe microsurgical technique with 4 x magnification comprising two main phases, preparation of healthy tubal segments and anastomosis carried out in two layers. RESULTS: It was possible to study subsequent fertility of 50 patients in all, as 8 patients were lost to follow-up (13.76%). The overall conception rate was 68% (34 cases), out of which intrauterine pregnancy rate was 62% (31 cases), ectopic pregnancy rate was 6% and the abortion rate was 6%. Fifty percent of patients conceived within first 12 months of reversal of sterilization. The isthmic-isthmic type of anastomosis has maximum incidence of pregnancies (88.88%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic (Falope ring) sterilization should be preferred in women who are willing for interval sterilization and it should be done at isthmic segment of the tube, whereas the Pomeroy's method is to be reserved for occasional postpartum procedure. Reversal of sterilization should be done with strict adherence to principles of microsurgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Anthropometric data of Indian farm workers--a module analysis.

Anthropometric data of Indian farm workers have been compared with various other ethnic groups. The analysis indicates that there is a significant difference in the body dimensions which must be taken into account in designing farm equipment.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1997

In vitro effect of gold sodium thiomalate and methotrexate on tumor necrosis factor production in normal healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

We studied the in vitro action of gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) and Methotrexate (MTX) on spontaneous and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated TNF alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and normal healthy individuals. GSTM and MTX (10 microg) each were added to the cultures of PBMC either in medium alone (spontaneous) or in the presence of 10 microg of LPS. GSTM and MTX augmented spontaneous TNF alpha production in normal individuals and patients with RA but did not influence LPS stimulated TNF alpha production. However, TNF alpha production by the PBMC of normal individuals was inhibited if the PBMC were stimulated with LPS, for 6 or 12 h, washed to remove LPS and subsequently incubated with GSTM. These data indicate that GSTM can inhibit TNF alpha production when the PBMC are preactivated by LPS.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Study of pulmonary functions in swimmers of Lucknow city.

In this study, the pulmonary functions of young swimmers of K.D. Singh Babu Stadium, Lucknow were studied, 20 swimmers of the age group of 15-20 years were chosen along with 15 students as controls. The parameters taken into account were Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume (FEV1) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). Two sets of readings were recorded. One before the start and the other at the end of the practice season. These readings were compared to each other and also with the values of the controls. The results indicate that swimming has considerable effect on enhancing lung functions of an individual as FVC, FEV1, PEFR were significantly raised in swimmers after swimming session. Such results suggest that swimming may be induced in the exercise programme for rehabilitation of respiratory patients who have compromised lung functions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Comparative evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology and biopsy of testis in diagnosis of male infertility.

Infertility has a fair degree of male factor contribution in its aetiology, hence needs complete evaluation of male partner especially the status of spermatogenesis. In the present study comparative evaluation of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and biopsy of testis showed 90% accuracy of FNAC in respect of histopathological diagnosis of spermatogenesis. FNAC is a safe, fairly accurate, outdoor investigation in infertile man and it is devoid of the complications of haematoma formation, suppression of spermatogenesis and antigenic stimulation as seen with testicular biopsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and maternal and foetal outcome: a case controlled study.

A case controlled prospective study of 250 cases of hypertension complicating pregnancy (study group) and 400 normal pregnant women (control group) was carried out to determine the effect of hypertension on maternal and foetal outcome. Pregnancy induced hypertension was present in 96% cases and chronic hypertension in 4% cases. Preterm delivery (28.8% versus 3%), labour induction rate (52.8% versus 3.25%), caesarean section rate (14.8% versus 3.5%), stillbirth rate (4.8% versus 0.25%) and overall perinatal mortality rate (14.8% versus 1%) were higher in study group compared to controls. In study group (40%) babies required special nursery care compared to controls (6.75%). From these results it can be concluded that maternal hypertension is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Prevalence of NIDDM in the general population (> 40 years) in Shimla.

A random survey for determining the prevalence of NIDDM was conducted in the population aged 40 years and above of Shimla town. 1195 subjects were screened for estimation of NIDDM prevalence from seven randomly selected wards. The prevalence of NIDDM in age group 40 years and above was 4.86% (5.17% in males and 4.38% in females). NIDDM was found to be positively associated with increasing age, BMI, WHR, family history of diabetes and negatively with physical activity. Stress should be on early detection of diabetes to reduce the heavy burden of morbidity and mortality caused by diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evidence for high prevalence & rapid transmission of HIV among individuals attending STD clinics in Pune, India.

Prevalence and incidence of HIV-1 infection among persons attending two STD clinics in Pune between May 1993 and October 1995 are reported. On screening 5321 persons, the overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection was found to be 21.2 per cent, being higher in females (32.3%) than in males (19.3%). Analysis of behavioural and biological factors showed that old age, sex work, lifetime number of sexual partners, receptive anal sex, lack of circumcision, genital diseases and lack of formal education were related to a higher HIV-1 seroprevalence. The observed incidence rate of 10.2 per cent per year was very high, much higher in women than in men (14.2% and 9.5% per year respectively) and over three times higher among the sex workers. Females in sex work, males having recent contacts with female sex workers (FSWs) and living away from the family and persons with previous or present genital diseases had a higher risk of seroconversion. Condom usage was shown to have a protective effect in seroprevalence and seroincidence analysis. With limited available resources and lack of a suitable vaccine or a drug, long-term prevention policy of creating awareness in the community must be supplemented by strengthening STD control measures and promotion of condom use and safe sex. Factors related to availability and utilization of condoms must be carefully investigated.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

An extracellular phosphatase from Aspergillus fumigatus.

A potential producer of extracellular phosphatase has been isolated and identified as A. fumigatus. The fungal phosphatase is active in pH range 5 to 8 and its temperature optimum is 65 degrees C. The mineralisation of organic phosphates present in Neem cake and press mud by this enzyme has been demonstrated.

Aspergillus fumigatus↗