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R Yassa

Publications and source records attributed to R Yassa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Gender differences in tardive dyskinesia: a critical review of the literature.

We analyzed data from 76 selected studies on prevalence of tardive dyskinesia (TD), published through 1989. The primary focus was on gender differences. The overall prevalence of TD in the 39,187 patients included in these reports was 24.2 percent, and prevalence was significantly higher in women (26.6%) than in men (21.6%). The gender difference in TD prevalence appeared to narrow intriguingly in more recent studies. Overall, the TD prevalence seemed to reach its peak in the 50-70-year-old age group in men and continued to rise after age 70 in women. Also, women tended to have more severe TD than men. Spontaneous dyskinesia too was found to be more common in women. The material was also analyzed for cultural differences by comparing studies in four continents: North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. Although grouping together studies from different countries in a continent into a single group is somewhat problematic, we found that Asian patients had lower prevalence of TD than North American, European, and African patients. Limitations of our review (including differences among studies in diagnostic criteria, observer bias, etc.) as well as possible explanations for the reported differences in the risk for TD are discussed.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1992

A 10-year follow-up study of tardive dyskinesia.

In a 10-year follow-up study of 44 patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD), the majority (22 or 50%) had no change in their TD severity, 9 (20%) had an improvement and 13 (30%) had a worsening of their TD. Little difference was noted in those patients whose medication was decreased (n = 12) and those whose medication remained unchanged (n = 32). Of the women, 26% showed improvement as compared with 11% of the men. Also, patients whose TD improved had lower present neuroleptic dose than those whose TD worsened. These two factors should be studied in larger patient cohorts.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Tardive dyskinesia in elderly psychiatric patients: a 5-year study.

OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia among elderly psychiatric patients who had never received neuroleptic medication before their first hospitalization. METHOD: The study was performed in the geriatric psychiatry unit of a university-affiliated hospital in Canada and involved all first-admission patients admitted from September 1984 through August 1989 who had never taken neuroleptic drugs. In September and October 1989, the patients who were available for follow-up were examined and given ratings on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale to establish the presence or absence of tardive dyskinesia. The patients' records were reviewed for information on age, diagnosis, duration of hospitalization, neuroleptic treatment received after admission, anticholinergic drugs received, and drug-free periods. RESULTS: Of the 162 patients who were available and whose data were analyzed, a total of 99 had been treated with neuroleptics, and 35 (35.4%) of these were found to have tardive dyskinesia. Two of the 35 also had tardive dystonia. Significantly more patients with major depression than patients with primary degenerative dementia or delusional psychosis had tardive dyskinesia. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the higher vulnerability of elderly psychiatric patients treated with neuroleptics to the development of tardive dyskinesia. The authors stress that caution is especially necessary when neuroleptics are prescribed for older patients with major affective disorders.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1991

The course of tardive dyskinesia in newly treated psychogeriatric patients.

The author reports on the course of tardive dyskinesia in 10 newly treated psychogeriatric patients. Of the 5 whose medication was discontinued, 3 improved; TD continued unchanged in the other 5 patients whose neuroleptics were not discontinued. The author recommends that neuroleptics be discontinued whenever possible in this patient population.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Mild tardive dyskinesia: an 8-year follow-up study.

The authors re-examined 20 patients who were found to exhibit mild tardive dyskinesia (TD) involving only one body area in 1980. Of these, 11 still showed TD of the same degree, whereas 4 had no TD and 5 aggravated TD. The authors conclude that mild TD involving one body area should be included in prevalence studies and that Schooler & Kane's definition of minimal manifestation of TD should be extended to include these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Factors in the development of severe forms of tardive dyskinesia.

The authors evaluated 558 patients for tardive dyskinesia. They found that the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was 34%. There were no differences between men and women in prevalence of tardive dyskinesia. However, severe tardive dyskinesia was found to occur more in male patients 40 years old or younger and in female patients 71 years old or older. Patients with mild tardive dyskinesia received more neuroleptics than did patients with moderate and severe forms. However, patients with moderate tardive dyskinesia had significantly more drug-free periods in their drug histories than did patients with mild tardive dyskinesia.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

Functional impairment in tardive dyskinesia: medical and psychosocial dimensions.

The author presents 22 patients with tardive dyskinesia who were referred to him through consultation. Several patients had functional impairment caused by their movement disorder. Impaired gait was noted in 6 patients, speech impediment in 3 and thoughts of suicide in 1. Psychosocial difficulties were reported in 12 patients. The author concludes that tardive dyskinesia can lead to difficulties in patients who are suffering from the severe form.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

A comparison of severe tardive dystonia and severe tardive dyskinesia.

The authors present a demographic study comparing tardive dystonia with severe tardive dyskinesia (TD) patients. Tardive dystonia was more common among young men, while severe TD was more common in older women. Neuroleptics were distributed equally in both groups before the onset of the movement disorders. Drug-free periods were common in the history of severe TD than in tardive dystonia patients.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Neuroleptic-induced marching-in-place.

Marching-in-place (MIP) was observed in 12 out of 133 (9%) chronically hospitalized psychiatric patients and in none of 60 hospital staff controls. The prevalence was similar in both sexes. MIP was associated with tardive dyskinesia or parkinsonism or both but did not occur alone. Counting the number of steps per minute provides a reliable method to quantify MIP and may permit a simple objective method for investigating the neuropharmacology of this phenomenon. Preliminary observations suggest that anticholinergic agents may improve MIP in some patients but worsen it in others.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The association of tardive dyskinesia and pseudoparkinsonism.

1. A survey of 315 chronic inpatients for the presence of extrapyramidal side effects indicates that 58.7% of the patients had no evidence of extrapyramidal side effects, 28.6% had tardive dyskinesia (TD) alone, 8.9% had pseudoparkinsonism and 3.8% had a combination of both. 2. Women seemed to exhibit more side effects. 3. Aging was another factor associated with a higher risk for the appearance of extrapyramidal side effects. 4. Affective disorder patients carried more risk than patients with schizophrenia. 5. The low prevalence of the combined TD and pseudoparkinsonism may be related to several factors. The possible explanations are explored and discussed. These patients present a therapeutic dilemma.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Carbamazepine and hyponatremia in patients with affective disorder.

The authors assessed 20 carbamazepine-treated patients for the development of hyponatremia. None of the patients had readings below 135 meg/liter of sodium before carbamazepine therapy, but five (25%) did have such readings after carbamazepine therapy. Three of these patients developed frank symptoms of hyponatremia within 1-3 months of the start of therapy. In one patient, hyponatremia developed after rechallenge with carbamazepine. The authors suggest that caution be used in prescribing carbamazepine to patients with low or borderline low sodium values.

Adult↗