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Biomedical subjects

R Yates

Publications and source records attributed to R Yates.

62 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Projections to the basilar pontine nuclei from face sensory and motor regions of the cerebral cortex in the rat.

Orthograde axonal transport tracing methods were used to describe the projections to the basilar pontine nuclei (BPN) which arise within the face representation of motor or somatosensory cerebral cortex. Injections centered in motor face (MF) cortex resulted in the labeling of several corticopontine terminal fields which exhibit a rostrocaudal columnar arrangement within the ipsilateral BPN. The location of such terminal zones is consistent with the somatotopic pattern of termination previously described for limb sensorimotor cortices. In contrast, the projections from somatosensory face (SF) cortical regions largely terminate in BPN areas separate from those receiving either limb sensorimotor or MF inputs. Both MF and SF cortices also give rise to projections to the contralateral BPN; those from SF cortex are less extensive than those of MF origin. In addition to their relationship with limb sensorimotor corticopontine terminations, the MF projections to the BPN also seem to partially overlap the projection zones of the cerebellopontine system, particularly the regions projected upon by the lateral cerebellar nucleus. The SF projections, on the other hand, appear to terminate in BPN areas that also receive input from either the dorsal column nuclei or the spinal trigeminal complex. There is only minimal potential overlap between MF and SF projections in the BPN. With regard to the pontocerebellar system, the projections from MF cortex terminate among BPN neurons which project to the cerebellar hemispheres, particularly lobus simplex, crus I and crus II. The SF projections also overlap BPN neurons which project to the lateral hemispheres in addition to the paraflocculus and vermal lobules VII and IXa,b. Taken together these observations suggest that subsets of BPN neurons might exist such that some receive convergent inputs from systems whose function can generally be regarded as motor (sensorimotor cortex, cerebellopontine) while another population of BPN neurons might integrate signals from systems which transmit somatosensory information (dorsal column nuclei, spinal trigeminal).

Animals↗
PubMed1985

The effect of the synthetic steroid Org OD14 on fibrinolysis and blood lipids in postmenopausal women.

Two groups of postmenopausal women were compared. One group of 13 was given the synthetic steroid Org OD14 to suppress climacteric symptoms and one group of 14 was given placebo. After a 2 week baseline period the subjects received daily for 12 weeks, either 2.5 mg Org OD14 or placebo. There were no significant differences between the groups pre-treatment. Compared with the placebo group, during treatment, the Org OD14 group showed the following significant differences: higher haemoglobin, haematocrit, platelet count, plasminogen, fibrinolytic activity on fibrin plates and antithrombin III and lower fibrinogen. No significant differences between the groups were found in alpha 2 antiplasmin levels, total cholesterol, total triglycerides, bilirubin or transaminase levels but the Org OD14 group had significantly lower levels of HDL cholesterol. With the exception of the haemoglobin and haematocrit levels all of the differences had disappeared by 2 weeks post treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Bioavailability of chlorpropamide.

1. The serum profiles of chlorpropamide obtained following single doses of two tablet preparations and from a suspension formulation have been compared in healthy volunteers. The amounts of chlorpropamide absorbed from the three formulations were similar but the drug was absorbed more rapidly from the suspension than from either tablet formulation. There was a small but therapeutically insignificant difference in the rate of absorption of the drug from the two tablets. 2. Changes in blood glucose concentrations were found to be related to the drug serum profile characteristics of the formulations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Blood mercury concentration in an urban population.

Mercury concentrations in whole blood of 210 patients admitted to two urban hospitals ranged from 0 to 298 ppb with a mean of 14.2 ppb. When corrected by omission of nine values over 50 ppb the mean was 8. 1 ppb. Althouth mean values for men were slightly higher than those for women, this difference was not significant. Results of a 12-test blood chemistry screening profile were available for 196 subjects, but no correlation between mercury concentrations in blood and those chemistry measurements could be detected. Simultaneous determinations of mercury in whole blood and plasma were performed for 65 subjects; the mean for plasma was 5.0 ppb. somewhat below the mean of 6.3 ppb for whole blood in the same group. Other surveys have shown corrected values of 13.3 and 6.7 ppb for normal populations. These values are very much higher than current estimates of 0 to 2 ppb for normals. Levels are higher in urban residents than in rural probably because of increased exposure to combined industrial and environmental sources. The mean level appears to be 8 ppb with a range of 0 to 30 ppb.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of somatostatin and a somatostatin agonist on diet-induced pancreatitis in mice.

We examined the effects of somatostatin-14 and the potent somatostatin agonist (N-acetyl-[Des(Ala1,Gly2),p-Cl-Phe6,D-Trp8]-somatostatin amide) on choline deficient, ethionine enriched diet (CDED)-induced acute pancreatitis in mice. Serum amylase determinations were performed, and specimens from the pancreas were examined by light and electron microscopy. No significant beneficial effects of somatostatin or its agonist were found in this model of acute pancreatitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory health in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the Australian Capital Territory.

OBJECTIVES: To measure the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and atopic disease in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (indigenous) and non-indigenous children in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). METHODS: A two-stage questionnaire survey of children in the ACT with stage two completed for children identified by parents as having respiratory symptoms or asthma in the first stage cross-sectional survey. Participants in the study were: (i) all new entrant primary schoolchildren aged 4-6 years in 1999, 2000 and 2001, 217 being indigenous children and 10 604 being non-indigenous children (80% of eligible); and (ii) Year 1-6 primary schoolchildren in 2000, with 216 being indigenous children and 14 202 being non-indigenous children (52% of eligible). Respiratory symptoms (including recent wheeze and parent-reported asthma) and other factors were measured by parental questionnaire. RESULTS: Indigenous kindergarten children had more recent wheeze (21%, odds ratio (OR) 1.4 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.0)) and parent-reported asthma (24%, OR 1.8 95% CI 1.3-2.5) than non-indigenous children (both 15%). However, indigenous children had less eczema (25%, OR 0.7 95% CI 0.5-0.9) and hayfever (14%, OR 0.7 95% CI 0.5-1.0) than non-indigenous children (32% and 19%, respectively). Among children with respiratory symptoms, the symptom severity did not differ between groups, but indigenous children were exposed to more environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) (63%, OR 3.5 95% CI 2.1-5.9) than non-indigenous children (32%). CONCLUSIONS: Indigenous children in the ACT have more respiratory morbidity but less of the atopic diseases of hayfever and eczema than non-indigenous children. Whether the respiratory morbidity represents 'asthma' or results from increased ETS exposure is unclear and needs to be further explored.

Australian Capital Territory↗