Biomedical subjects

R Yeater

Publications and source records attributed to R Yeater.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1999

Effects of resistance vs. aerobic training combined with an 800 calorie liquid diet on lean body mass and resting metabolic rate.

OBJECTIVE: Utilization of very-low-calorie diets (VLCD) for weight loss results in loss of lean body weight (LBW) and a decrease in resting metabolic rate (RMR). The addition of aerobic exercise does not prevent this. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of intensive, high volume resistance training combined with a VLCD on these parameters. METHODS: Twenty subjects (17 women, three men), mean age 38 years, were randomly assigned to either standard treatment control plus diet (C+D), n = 10, or resistance exercise plus diet (R+D), n = 10. Both groups consumed 800 kcal/day liquid formula diets for 12 weeks. The C+D group exercised 1 hour four times/week by walking, biking or stair climbing. The R+D group performed resistance training 3 days/week at 10 stations increasing from two sets of 8 to 15 repetitions to four sets of 8 to 15 repetitions by 12 weeks. Groups were similar at baseline with respect to weight, body composition, aerobic capacity, and resting metabolic rate. RESULTS: Maximum oxygen consumption (Max VO2) increased significantly (p<0.05) but equally in both groups. Body weight decreased significantly more (p<0.01) in C+D than R+D. The C+D group lost a significant (p<0.05) amount of LBW (51 to 47 kg). No decrease in LBW was observed in R+D. In addition, R+D had an increase (p<0.05) in RMR O2 ml/kg/min (2.6 to 3.1). The 24 hour RMR decreased (p<0.05) in the C+D group. CONCLUSION: The addition of an intensive, high volume resistance training program resulted in preservation of LBW and RMR during weight loss with a VLCD.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed1996

Resistance trained athletes using or not using anabolic steroids compared to runners: effects on cardiorespiratory variables, body composition, and plasma lipids.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a difference in cardiac size and function as well as in body composition, aerobic capacity, and blood lipids between resistance trained athletes who use anabolic steroids and those who do not, and to compare them to university cross country athletes. METHODS: Four groups of men were evaluated: recreational lifters, n = 11, lifting < 10 h.week-1; heavy lifters, n = 16, lifting > 10 h.week-1; steroid users, n = 8, same as heavy lifters and used steroids; runners, n = 8, university track members. Echocardiograms, body composition (hydrostatic weighing), maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2), and lipids were studied. RESULTS: As expected, Vo2 (ml.kg-1.min-1), was greatest in the runners, with no difference among the lifting groups. High density lipoprotein cholesterol in the steroid user group was lower than in heavy lifters or runners. Left ventricular internal diastolic dimension was similar among the groups. The left ventricular mass index of the steroid user group was significantly greater than recreational lifters, at 161 v 103. There was no difference among heavy lifters (127), runners (124), and steroid users. There was no compromise in diastolic function in any group. There were no differences among groups in resting or exercise blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance training in the absence of steroid use results in the same positive effects on cardiac dimensions, diastolic function, and blood lipids as aerobic training.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

The effect of three test meals on exercise tolerance of an individual with McArdle's disease.

This study examined the effect of three test meals on exercise tolerance of an individual with McArdle's disease, a myopathy characterized by phosphorylase b deficiency. The subject's exercise tolerance and ability to achieve the second wind, in response to each test meal, was evaluated over a 16-week period using a bicycle ergometer in a double-blind situation. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. No significant differences were found. It was concluded that a high protein meal, a high polyunsaturated fat meal, and a meal containing MCT oil did not affect the exercise tolerance of this individual compared to the control meal.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

A hydrostatic weighing method using total lung capacity and a small tank.

The purpose of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of a hydrostatic weighing method using total lung capacity (measuring vital capacity with a respirometer at the time of weighing) the prone position, and a small oblong tank. The validity of the method was established by comparing the TLC prone (tank) method against three hydrostatic weighing methods administered in a pool. The three methods included residual volume seated, TLC seated and TLC prone. Eighty male and female subjects were underwater weighed using each of the four methods. Validity coefficients for per cent body fat between the TLC prone (tank) method and the RV seated (pool), TLC seated (pool) and TLC prone (pool) methods were .98, .99 and .99, respectively. A randomised complete block ANOVA found significant differences between the RV seated (pool) method and each of the three TLC methods with respect to both body density and per cent body fat. The differences were negligible with respect to HW error. Reliability of the TLC prone (tank) method was established by weighing twenty subjects three different times with ten-minute time intervals between testing. Multiple correlations yielded reliability coefficients for body density and per cent body fat values of .99 and .99, respectively. It was concluded that the TLC prone (tank) method is valid, reliable and a favourable method of hydrostatic weighing.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Gestational diabetes.

The complication of diabetes during pregnancy can be a disaster for both mother and child. However, proper management of diabetes prior to conception and during pregnancy has enabled diabetics to have normal infants nearly as often as non-diabetic women. This article reviews the historical aspects of gestational diabetes, the magnitude of the problem, carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy, appropriate therapy, and offers some suggestions about how gestational diabetes and non-insulin dependent diabetes might be prevented.

Blood Glucose↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Soluble fiber: effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.

Dietary fiber consumption has been associated with a decrease in diabetes and atherosclerotic diseases in population surveys. The contribution of soluble fiber (compared to insoluble fiber) to each of these problems has been investigated in several ways. This paper reviews the role which soluble fiber consumption plays in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The effects of specific fibers on glucose and insulin responses are examined; possible mechanisms responsible for the described effects are discussed. Epidemiologic evidence that consumption of foods containing soluble fiber contributes to decreased atherosclerotic disease is reviewed. Studies of administration of soluble fiber to hyperlipidemic males and females and normolipidemic subjects are examined with respect to changes in plasma lipids. Soluble fiber appears to play an important role in preventing and possibly treating diabetes and hyperlipidemia, diseases common to Westernized countries.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗