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Biomedical subjects

R Yule

Publications and source records attributed to R Yule.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Cervical HPV infection and neoplasia in a large population-based prospective study: the Manchester cohort.

Cytology and histology records and cervical samples for HPV assay were obtained from a prospective cohort of 49 655 women attending clinics for routine cervical cytology in or near Manchester between 1988 and 1993. The women were followed up for cytological abnormality and neoplasia through the cytology laboratory's records. HPV at entry was assayed in an age- and period-stratified random sample of 7278 women and in prevalent and incident CIN3 cases. The prevalence of newly diagnosed CIN3 increased with time since last normal smear, indicating that most cases persist for several years. CIN3 prevalence did not increase further for screening intervals exceeding 5 years, however, suggesting that CIN3 eventually regresses cytologically. CIN2 prevalence increased less steeply with screening interval, while the prevalence of lesser abnormality was almost independent of screening interval. The prevalence of oncogenic HPV at entry declined from 19% among women aged under 25 to less than 3% at age 40 or above. Oncogenic HPV infection was strongly predictive of subsequent CIN3 (OR 17.2, 95% CI 10.4-28.4), but only weakly related to CIN2 (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.5-10.7) and lesser abnormality (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.8-2.5). At current incidence rates, the lifetime risk of developing CIN3 will be 9% in this population. The cumulative risk of CIN3 diagnosis among cytologically normal women with oncogenic HPV detected at entry was 28% (CI 18-43%) after 14 years. Persistence of oncogenic HPV may be more sensitive and specific than cytology for early detection of CIN3 and invasive cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Sexual behaviour and smoking as determinants of cervical HPV infection and of CIN3 among those infected: a case-control study nested within the Manchester cohort.

To distinguish risk factors for acquisition of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection from the determinants of neoplasia among infected individuals we have conducted a three-arm case-control study nested within a large population-based cohort of women (the Manchester cohort) screened for HPV at entry using L1 consensus primer PCR. The study includes 181 HPV-positive controls who did not develop high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) during follow-up, 203 HPV-negative controls, and 199 HPV-positive cases with histologically confirmed CIN3. Detailed information on sexual, reproductive and gynaecological history, oral contraceptive use and smoking was obtained at face-to-face interview. There was a striking division between risk factors for infection and those predictive of disease. Comparing the HPV-positive against the HPV-negative controls, the only risk factors for infection were number of sexual partners (OR for six or more = 3.89; 95% Cl = 1.99-7.62), a relatively recent new sexual relationship (OR for a new partner within the previous 2 years = 4.17; 95% Cl = 2.13-8.33), and a history of previous miscarriage (OR = 2.59; 95% Cl = 1.28-5.21). The determinants of CIN3 among infected women were, in contrast, early age at first intercourse (OR for 16 years old or less = 3.23; 95% Cl = 1.33-7.69), a long time since starting a new sexual relationship (OR for 6 years or more = 4.94; 95% Cl = 2.51-9.71), and cigarette smoking, with strong evidence for a dose- response (OR for current smoking habit 20+ per day = 2.57; 95% Cl = 1.49-4.45). Oral contraceptive use was not significantly associated with either HPV infection or CIN3.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparison between the polymerase chain reaction and slot blot hybridization for the detection of HPV sequences in cervical scrapes.

Sixty-four women presenting with a single mildly abnormal smear were investigated for infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 using both slot blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. PCR was nearly three times more sensitive for the detection of HPV 16 DNA than slot blot hybridization. HPV 16 was not significantly associated with a risk of progression to CIN if PCR was used to screen for infection. Women who smoked were at significantly greater risk of progression to CIN than non-smokers.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Isolation and characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Bacillus stearothermophilus strain NU-10.

Broth-grown cultures of Bacillus stearothermophilus strain NU-10 produce a bacteriocin which exerts lethal activity on other strains of the bacterium. Optimal production occurs during late maximum stationary phase of growth, at neutral pH, and 55-65 degrees C. The bacteriocin can be substantially purified by a combination of precipitations, centrifugations, and gel filtrations. The thermocin is composed of protein and carbohydrate. It is partially destroyed by proteolytic enzymes but is resistant to DNase, RNase, and various chemical treatments. The bacteriocin has a small molecular weight and exhibits considerable thermostability.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1975

Recall of women in a cervical cytology screening programme. An estimate of the true rate of response.

In a sample of 1007 women from a large cervical cytology screening programme in the Manchester region, the apparent response-rate to a letter inviting women to have a second routine smear three years after their first was 47-6%. After taking account of those who had become ineligible on medical grounds, or inaccessible, a conservative estimate of the true rate of response was 65-7%. When women who had had interim smears or examinations elsewhere were included, 72-2% of the original population of women had continued to make use of facilities for cytological screening.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1974

Quality control in cervical cytology.

From surveys conducted by the authors it is concluded that the best and most acceptable quality control methods in cytology are those from within the laboratory. Most of these have results which can be reported centrally. Where the overall control and codes of practice are high, there the results are the most reliable, as sources of error from whatever cause are quickly brought to light. These conclusions are illustrated by data from the five centres and correlated in the tables.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Relation of abnormal cytological smears and carcinoma of cervix uteri to husband's occupation.

An analysis of the cytological records of almost 300,000 women in the Manchester area shows that the rates of positive/suspicious findings from population screening are highly correlated with the rates of mortality from cancer of the cervix when both are distributed according to the occupation of the husband. The correlation holds for various occupational groupings and for all the individual occupation units in which there are more than 1,000 women. This evidence strengthens the case for believing that the condition revealed by a positive smear is a stage in the development of invasive cancer of the uterine cervix.

Cytodiagnosis↗