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Biomedical subjects

R Zetterstrom

Publications and source records attributed to R Zetterstrom.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration salt in Cholera.

In a controlled clinical trial conducted in 34 adults with severe cholera diarrhoea, the use of a relatively dilute oral rehydration salt (ORS) solution (sodium 67, potassium 20, chloride 66, citrate 7, glucose 89 mmol/l, osmolality 249 mOsmol/kg) caused a 29% (p=0.003) reduction in stool output over the first 24 h and a 37% (p=0.001) reduction over the first 48 h compared with 29 controls who received the hyperosmolar WHO/UNICEF ORS. No controls but 3 study-group patients had marked but asymptomatic hyponatraemia (sodium <125 mmol/l) at 24 h. Twenty-four % of controls and 12% of patients receiving the dilute ORS needed unscheduled intravenous therapy for recurrence of dehydration. The ORS intake was twice the 48 h stool volume in controls and 3 times in the study group. The test ORS with a reduced glucose and sodium concentration is more efficient than the WHO/UNICEF ORS in preserving net intestinal fluid balance in severe cholera.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Survival 0-6 years of age in a periurban community in Guinea-Bissau: a longitudinal assessment.

In the preparation of a child health-care project in a periurban settlement area with a population of 6200, a census identified 1464 children below 6 years of age. One thousand, one hundred and eighty-eight of these children were examined. They were followed up 12 months later, during which interval there was a current registration of the pregnancies, births and deaths in the area. The 360 newborns in the period were successively included in the follow-up. One hundred and forty-four deaths were documented, including the symptoms preceding their occurrence. Sixty-two of the deaths were due to epidemic measles. The probability of survival through the neonatal period was 0.941, to 12 months of age 0.803, and to 60 months 0.546. The health-work that ensued upon this study emphasizes intra-pregnancy care and immunizations to the young children.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Augmented antibody response to live attenuated measles vaccine in children with Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia.

The impact of malarial infection on the humoral immunological response to measles virus antigen was studied in 184 children aged 8-19 months in Guinea-Bissau. Pre- and post-immunization measles serology was performed using dried blood on absorbent paper and the ELISA technique. Blood smears obtained at the time of vaccination and 2 and 4 weeks afterwards were examined for malaria parasites. Pre-vaccination antibodies to measles were found in 44 out of 184 children (24%). Plasmodium falciparum was identified in 62 of the 132 initially non-immune children who completed the study. The rate of seroconversion was 127 out of 132 (96%). Post-immunization measles antibody titres were significantly higher in the vaccinees with P. falciparum than in those without malaria parasites in the blood.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1983

Nutritional status and measles: a community study in Guinea-Bissau.

In an urban settlement area with 6217 inhabitants, 1188 children of 0-71 months of age were weighed and measured in December 1978. Fourteen per cent of those more than nine months old were underweight for age. In February 1979 a measles epidemic started in the area and reached its peak in April. At least 236 of the children initially weighed caught the disease and 59 died of measles. Forty-nine of these had not been underweight in December 1978. In the age interval 9-35 months there was a tendency for measles death to be associated with a relatively low nutritional status. In a geographically-defined sub-population of the studied children, mean weight velocity from December to May was lower in those who had measles in the period than in those who did not contract it. The observations confirm the negative impact of measles on nutritional status. On the other hand, they question the supreme importance given to pre-existing malnutrition in explaining the high measles mortality in West African communities.

Age Factors↗