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Biomedical subjects

R de Pablo González

Publications and source records attributed to R de Pablo González.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Health care expenditure in Spain compared with developed Europe, 1985-2001. The Spanish primary health care, the European Cinderella].

OBJECTIVE: To describe the evolution of the funds distribution in our health care system since the start of the primary care reform to 2001, in comparison with the European countries members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). DESIGN: A longitudinal descriptive and retrospective study. PARTICIPANTS: European countries members of the OECD. SETTING: Countries members of the OECD. METHODS: The data come from the OECD database Health Data 2003. The data refer to period 1985-2001, and to a group of variables of health care expenditure by sectors and of income (Gross Domestic Product [GDP] per capita). We compare Spanish data series with those of the group of 22 European members countries of the OECD. RESULTS: Europe increased public expenditure on out-patient care both as a percentage of public health care expenditure and as a percentage of GDP. Spain reduced public expenditure on out-patient care in both senses. Spanish public expenditure on in-patient care reduced a great part of its difference with Europe so that since 1995 it is found, as a percentage of GDP, in the European average and, as per capita, it is according with the Spanish income. In contrast, public expenditure on out-patient care as a percentage of GDP in Spain is very much lower than the European average and, as per capita, is very much lower than the Spanish income. The Spanish private expenditure on out-patient is found among the highest in Europe and, compared with Europe, exceeds very much Spanish income, in contrast with his homonymous public. The Spanish private expenditure on in-patient care is found among the lowest in Europe and, compared with Europe, is very much lower than Spanish income level. CONCLUSIONS: With respect to public resources assigned, the reform of primary care in Spain has not been useful to approach Spanish primary health care level to Europe, in contrast with the Spanish hospital level. The difference between Spain and Europe in public expenditure on out-patient care as a percentage of GDP is, even, bigger than the one there was when the reform of Spanish primary care started.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2004

[Do we spend too much on medications? Pharmaceutical expenditures, an absolutely essential item in European countries].

OBJECTIVE: To find out if the performance of the pharmaceutical expenditure between the most developed European countries come close more to a luxury good or a necessary good. To compare the pharmaceutical Spanish expenditure with the one of those countries. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: International. Europe. PARTICIPANTS: European countries members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Union. METHODS: The data come from the OECD reports and other papers with the same source of information. The majority of the data refer to year 2000. The relationship between pharmaceutical expenditure and other variables as expenditure on health, on research and development (R&D), and socio-demographic variables are analysed with correlation and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: In both groups of countries, the Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPPC) is positively and significantly correlated with the expenditure per capita on health (public and total) and on R&D, but not with pharmaceutical expenditure per capita (PhEPC). The pharmaceutical expenditure as part of total expenditure on health (PhE/TE) or as percentage of GDP (PhE/GDP), is negatively and significantly correlated with income (GDPPC). The regression model accepts as explicative variables of PhE/GDP: the income (negatively), the employment in health (negatively) and the PhEPC (positively). The PhEPC in Spain is situated in the average of the most developed European countries, and expressed as PhE/TE or as PhE/GDP is situated in the group of the countries with greater pharmaceutical expenditure, the majority of them with a lower GDPPC to the Spanish one. CONCLUSIONS: The performance of the pharmaceutical expenditure between the countries studied come close to a necessary good than to a luxury good. The PhEPC in Spain is situated in the average of these countries and, expressed as PhE/GDP or as PhE/TE, would be according to the Spanish income.

Drug Costs↗
PubMed1998

[The prevalence of the burnout syndrome or professional exhaustion in primary care physicians].

OBJECTIVE: To find the prevalence of burnout syndrome in general practitioners of the Public Sanitary Service in a health area in Zaragoza (Spain) and compare the results with the original American and two Spanish samples (general practitioners and specialists). DESIGN: A descriptive, crossover population study. SETTING: General practitioners of the Public Sanitary Service in a health area in Zaragoza (Spain). PARTICIPANTS: A sample of 286 general practitioners was selected through random conglomerate sampling in 37 health centres (14 rural and 23 urban). RESULTS: We used an anonymous self-administered enquiry method. It included Maslasch Burnout Inventory (MBI), which values the three syndrome dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and lack of personal accomplishment (PA), and two own questionnaires related to the job and personal beliefs. 144 people (63 female and 81 male) between 29 and 69 years old were studied. 59.7% showed high levels of burnout on EE subscale, 36.1% on DP subscale and 31.2% on PA one. Comparing with the original American sample, we obtained significantly differences on EE and DP subscales whereas comparing with the Spanish general practitioners one we obtained significantly differences on EE and PA. Comparing with the Spanish specialists one we obtained significantly differences on DP and LP. CONCLUSIONS: There's a serious prevalence of burnout syndrome in general practitioners, particularly on EE subscale. There should be quick interventions in health policy in order to control and prevent this issue.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Dietary intake patterns in the school health program].

AIM: To investigate dietary intake patterns among school-students. DESIGN: An observational prospective study. A dietary survey was used to establish how many times habitual foods were eaten each week. SITE. The population of the northern half of the city of Soria. (North Soria Health Centre). PARTICIPANTS: All the school-children aged 6 and 7 (74 boys and 57 girls in both the private and public sectors) took part in the programme. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN FINDINGS: The intake of foodstuffs was stratified as greatest in quartiles. The consumers of sweet "junk" foods also ate significantly more savory "junk" food (p = 0.00009). We found and inverse consumption relationship between savory "junk" foods and an intake of greens and root-crops (p = 0.03) and of pasta and rice (p = 0.008). The lower consumption of greens and fruits was linked to a lower consumption of fish (p = 0.023), to a lower consumption of meat (p = 0.037) and of meat products (p = 0.008). Lower consumption of eggs was linked to a greater consumption of meat (p = 0.016) and fish (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of savory "junk" foods and meat products can replace nutrients of a high biological value which are found in greens and root-crops. New studies to deepen the taxonomical analysis of the school diet are required. These should identify eating patterns which could endanger health in adult life.

Chi-Square Distribution↗