Anesthesia case of the month. Hyperkalemia.
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Anesthesia↗
Biomedical subjects
Rachael E Carpenter
Publications and source records attributed to Rachael E Carpenter.
Anesthesia for geriatric patients.
Choosing the best anesthetic agents for each geriatric animal does not in itself ensure a successful outcome. Aggressive, careful, vigilant monitoring during the anesthetic and recovery periods is required to detect and correct alterations in homeostasis that may develop during the perianesthetic period. With appropriate preoperative screening, informed choice and judicious dosing of anesthetics, and careful monitoring and supportive care, the risk of anesthesia in geriatric animals can be greatly reduced.
Aging↗
Evaluation of intraperitoneal and incisional lidocaine or bupivacaine for analgesia following ovariohysterectomy in the dog.
OBJECTIVE: To determine if intraperitoneal (i.p.) and incisional (s.c.) lidocaine or bupivacaine provide analgesia following ovariohysterectomy (OHE). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled, blinded clinical trial. ANIMALS: Thirty dogs presenting to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital for elective OHE. METHODS: Dogs were pre-medicated with acepromazine and butorphanol, induced with thiopental and maintained with isoflurane. They were randomly assigned to three groups: 10 received 8.8 mg kg(-1) 2% lidocaine with epinephrine i.p. (LID); 10 received 4.4 mg kg(-1) 0.75% bupivacaine i.p. (BUP); and 10 received 0.9% saline i.p. (SAL) upon completion of OHE. All i.p. doses were standardized to 0.88 mL kg(-1) with saline. An additional 2 mL of undiluted solution was placed s.c. prior to incisional closure. Dogs were scored at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8 and 18 hours post-extubation by one observer. Dogs were evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and sedation, and a composite pain scale (CPS) that included physiologic and behavioral variables. Dogs were treated with 0.22 mg kg(-1) butorphanol + acepromazine if their VAS (pain) score was >50. Parametric variables were analyzed using Student's t-test or repeated measures ANOVA as appropriate. Non-parametric variables were analyzed by chi2-test. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, weight, incision length, surgery time, anesthesia time, or total thiopental dose among groups. Peak post-surgical pain scores for all groups occurred at 0.5 hours and returned to baseline by 18 hours. Dogs in the BUP group had significantly lower VAS-pain scores overall than dogs in the SAL group. Seven out of 10 dogs in the SAL group, 4/10 in the LID group and 2/10 in the BUP group were treated with supplemental acepromazine and butorphanol. No differences between groups were detected with the CPS. No adverse side-effects were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our findings support the use of i.p. and s.c. bupivacaine for post-operative analgesia following OHE in the dog.
Anesthetics, Local↗