Biomedical subjects

Ragini Macaden

Publications and source records attributed to Ragini Macaden.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Genotyping of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from two hospitals in Bangalore, South India.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen in India, and up to 70% methicillin resistance has been reported from hospitals in various parts of India. Hospitals use phenotyping for the most part, and molecular genotyping is not done. Here we report on the genotyping of 82 single-patient isolates from two hospitals in Bangalore, South India, for the first time. Most of the strains possessed type III or IIIA staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) cassettes, and we did not detect strains with type I, IA, or II cassettes. Most isolates also contained the type III cassette chromosome recombinase (ccr) AB region. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and staphylococcal protein A (spa) typing of a selected number of isolates have been carried out. Although most isolates that were chosen for MLST and spa typing had the same patterns, they were quite diverse in their pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. PFGE, MLST, and spa typing of the Indian strains revealed that they are related to the previously described Hungarian and Brazilian clones.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2005

Infections related to vascular catheters in a pediatric intensive care unit.

We determined the rate and risk factors for colonization of 103 peripheral intravenous catheter and 32 central venous catheters. 52.5% peripheral catheters had colonization. Common organisms isolated were Pseudomonas (33.3%) and coagulase negative Staphylococci (29.6%). Colonization was higher in catheters inserted in the lower limb. Overall 62.5% of the central catheters were colonized, chiefly by coagulase negative Staphylococci, Pseudomonas and Candida. All central catheters in place for more than 11 days were colonized. Subclavian vein catheters had a higher rate (68.2%) of colonization in comparison to femoral vein insertions (40%). We conclude that upper limb placements are preferable to lower limbs when using peripheral lines. Changing peripheral intravenous catheters every 48 hours and central venous catheters every 10 days may decrease the rate of colonization.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Molecular epidemiology of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli associated with sporadic cases and outbreaks of diarrhoea between 2000 and 2001 in India.

Diarrhoeal infection caused by Escherichia coli is common in India with occasional outbreaks. However, association of different pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic E. coli (DEC) with the disease and its phenotypic and genotypic characteristics are not fully demonstrated. In this study, E. coli strains from sporadic cases and outbreaks of diarrhoea during 2000-2001 were confirmed as DEC by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the specific virulence genes. DEC represented by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAggEC) were mostly belonged to O serogroups 25, 86a, 114 and 146. The gene astA was frequently detected among ETEC and EAggEC than EPEC. After initial screening of 200 DEC strains with serology and antibiotic susceptibility test, 32 strains representing ETEC, EPEC, and EAggEC isolated from different areas of India were included in the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. Using the PFGE results, the hierarchical representation of different linkage levels between the DEC strains were determined by unweighed pair-group arithmetic mean (UPGAMA) method. Except for few strains, clonotyping by PFGE revealed no correlation between pathotypes and serogroups as well as the place of isolation of the DEC strains. The prevailing clonal diversity among the different categories of DEC strains suggests that the pathotypes of DEC belonged to diverse clones.

Cluster Analysis↗

PubMed2004

Cutaneous sporotrichosis in Bangalore, southern India.

BACKGROUND: Sporotrichosis is a granulomatous infection caused by Sporothrix schenkii. Although world-wide in distribution, only four cases have been reported from southern India to date. METHODS: The medical records of all cases seen at the Department of Dermatology at St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, over the last 15 years were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of seven cases of sporotrichosis were seen in this 15-year period. CONCLUSION: Sporotrichosis is considered to occur only sporadically in southern India. Our findings suggest that this may be a result of reporting bias.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli--a preliminary study.

Urinary isolates of Escherichia coli were studied for presence of haemolysin, adhesins, serum resistance and O serotype prevalence. Of the 144 isolates studied, 72 exhibited hemolysin, 7 were resistant to bactericidal effect of serum and 50 strains showed Mannose resistant Haemagglutination (MRHA). O101,O68,O04 and O25 were the commonest serotypes in this study.

Bacteriuria↗