Biomedical subjects

Ram Kinkar Roy

Publications and source records attributed to Ram Kinkar Roy.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Acetalization and thioacetalization of cabonyl compounds: a case study based on global and local electrophilicity descriptors.

Acetalization of benzaldehyde and substituted benzaldehydes (containing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups) is explained qualitatively on the basis of global electrophilicity descriptor, w, as proposed by Parr and coworkers. The generated values of w can explain qualitatively the preferential electrophilic addition, and hence, the yield of acetalization obtained in an earlier experimental study carried by Patel and coworkers. The present study also reveals that although both steric and electronic factors affect the yield, only later can be taken care of by w. In the case of a competitive formation of cyclic acetals and cyclic thioacetals from a reaction mixture containing p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, 1,2-ethanediol (i.e., glycol), and 1,2-ethanedithiol, the relative experimental yields could be explained from the difference of the global electrophilicity values between aldehydes and acetalizing agents in the same line of arguments of Maynard et al.

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PubMed2006

Chemoselectivities in acetalization, thioacetalization, oxathioacetalization and azathioacetalization.

In the present article (experimental as well theoretical) the relative yields of cyclic (O,O), (S,S), (S,O), and (S,N) acetals, formed from p-(NO2)C6H4CHO and p-(OH)C6H4CHO, are compared. Atomic charges, global electrophilicity descriptor (w) [as proposed by Parr et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 1922] and hard-soft acid-base concept of Pearson (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 3533) are used to explain the experimental observations. Although the w values can explain the yields, charge and local softness values of the interacting sites explain the plausible reaction mechanism. The bisnucleophiles chosen for acetalization are CH2(OH)-CH2(OH) (glycol), CH2(SH)-CH2(SH) (dithiol), CH2(OH)-CH2(SH) (oxathiol) and CH2(SH)-CH2(NH2) (azathiol). For p-(NO2)C6H4CHO, the experimental yield of cyclic acetals were found to follow the trend as (S,N) > (S,O) > (O,O) > (S,S), which is also supported by theoretical explanation based on the w values and applying the concept of hard-hard (i.e., charge-controlled) and soft-soft (i.e., orbital-controlled) interaction between the interacting sites of the substrates (i.e., aldehydes) and the reactants (bisnucleophiles). Similarly, for p-(OH)C6H4CHO the relative yields of cyclic acetals follow the trend (S,N) approximately (S,S) > (S,O) > (O,O). It is argued that the attack on C(CHO) (i.e., C-atom of the CHO group) in p-(NO2)C6H4CHO by O(OH) (i.e., O-atom of OH group) or N(NH2) (i.e., N-atom of NH2 group) is mainly charge-controlled but the attack on C(CHO) in p-(OH)C6H4CHO) by S(SH) (i.e., S-atom of SH group) is orbital-controlled.

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PubMed2005

Are the local electrophilicity descriptors reliable indicators of global electrophilicity trends?

Density functional theory based global and local electrophilicity descriptors are used to study the reliability of local electrophilicity values of the strongest electrophilic sites in generating global intermolecular electrophilicity trends. The evaluated values on 15 different organic chlorides show that, for systems having more than one comparatively strong electrophilic site, the local electrophilicity value of the strongest site does not produce a reliable global intermolecular electrophilicity trend. But for systems having one distinctly strong electrophilic site it does. The analytical explanation in favor of the above observation is also provided. Thus, what was argued in an earlier study (Roy, R. K. J. Phys. Chem. 2004, 108, 4934) is established strongly by numerical demonstrations as well as analytical reasoning in the present one.

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