Biomedical subjects

Raphael Gillett

Publications and source records attributed to Raphael Gillett.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2007

Understanding the factors that affect the severity of juvenile stranger sex offenses: the effect of victim characteristics and number of suspects.

Understanding factors that affect the severity of a juvenile-stranger sexual assault has implications for crime prevention, and potentially, the assessment and treatment of juvenile sex offenders. This study investigated how victim characteristics and the number of suspects affected the use of physical violence and weapons and the occurrence of penetration in 495 allegations of sexual assault committed by juveniles against strangers. Statistically significant interactions between victim age and gender were found for occurrence of penetration and use of violence. Differences in offense characteristics were also found between offenses with varying victim-suspect age differences. When comparing the rate of penetration in the presence and absence of violence, little change was observed for lone suspects. However, the rate of penetration increased significantly for groups in the presence of physical violence, suggesting that violence in this context may be more expressive than instrumental. Theoretical explanations and practical implications are considered.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Personality and coping: a context for examining celebrity worship and mental health.

The adaptational-continuum model of personality and coping suggests a useful context for research areas that emphasize both personality and coping. The present paper used Ferguson's (2001) model integrating personality and coping factors to further conceptualize findings around celebrity worship. Three hundred and seventy-two respondents completed measures of celebrity worship, personality, coping style, general health, stress, positive and negative affect and life satisfaction. Celebrity worship for intense-personal reasons is associated with poorer mental heath and this relationship can be understood within the dimensions of neuroticism and a coping style that suggests disengagement. Such findings suggest the utility of examining the relationship between celebrity worship and mental health within both personality and coping variables, which have practical implications for understanding and addressing mental health problems that may occur as the result of engaging in celebrity worship for intense-personal reasons.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2003

The metric comparability of meta-analytic effect-size estimators from factorial designs.

The primary studies in a meta-analysis of standardized mean differences generally include a mixture of single-factor t tests and multifactor analysis of variance designs. Accordingly, there is a need for effect-size measures in multifactor designs that are metrically comparable with measures in single-factor t tests. Two models, the variance-preservation model and the variance-reduction model, provide a formal description of the 2 principal routes by which a single-factor design may evolve into a higher order factorial design. New metrically comparable effect-size measures and estimators are developed for designs that contain variance-preservation factors, variance-reduction factors, or a mixture of both types of factors. A statistical test for checking the validity of model assumptions is presented.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2003

'There's no smoke without fire': are male ex-partners perceived as more 'entitled' to stalk than acquaintance or stranger stalkers?

In a stalking scenario, the prior relationship between and the gender of stalker and victim were systematically manipulated in order to judge culpability and consequences for the persons involved. Written vignettes were presented to 168 participants who responded via seven Likert scales. Stalker-victim relationship had three levels: ex-partner, acquaintance and stranger. In accordance with the 'Just World' hypothesis (Lerner, 1980), the victim was judged as having greater responsibility for the stalking when their harasser was an ex-partner or a prior acquaintance rather than a stranger, and police intervention was felt to be most necessary when the stalker was a stranger. Sex of stalker and victim was manipulated, and the following comparisons proved significant: when the perpetrator was male, bodily injury to the victim was seen as more likely and police intervention as more necessary than when the perpetrator was female; and male victims were viewed as more responsible for the scenario and as possessing greater powers to alleviate it. The Just World hypothesis and gender stereotypes provide a plausible account for these findings. Future research should determine whether criminal convictions show similar biases towards convicting male and stranger stalkers more often than female and ex-partner stalkers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Rook methodology: a flexible framework for exact test development in the matching paradigm.

As well as supplying a means of enumerating permutations, rook methodology provides a flexible and fertile analytic framework that can facilitate statistical test development in applied settings. Four applications in psychology, where rook methodology provides exact small-sample tests, are described. They are (a) matching under uncertainty, (b) ordered spatial memory, (c) rater agreement under uncertainty, and (d) multiple object relocation. An online computer program, that supplies an exact small-sample test of hypotheses within the rook paradigm, is outlined. The program, which exploits rook methodology to enumerate permutations, may be accessed and executed via the Internet using an ordinary browser.

Computer Simulation↗

PubMed2002

Object relocation task: an exact test of significance with credit for partial knowledge.

The object relocation paradigm is used to assess spatial memory in cognitive, developmental and clinical neuropsychological contexts. A number of different objects are displayed for a period of time in a particular spatial environment, such as a room, a desktop, or a computer screen. The objects are then cleared away, and the subject is asked to replace them in their former locations. In this paper, a simple measure of individual performance on the task that gives equal credit for near misses and correct responses is presented, and an exact small-sample test of significance for the measure is developed using rook methodology. A weighted-credit test of spatial performance is also presented. Computational examples are provided to illustrate the methods.

Cognition↗