Biomedical subjects

Reiner Johannisson

Publications and source records attributed to Reiner Johannisson.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Papillary urothelial bladder carcinoma associated with osteoclast-like giant cells.

We report the case of a papillary urothelial carcinoma associated with osteoclast-like giant cells. A 60-year old woman presented with hematuria. A papillary neoplasm was detected by cystoscopy and removed transurethrally. Histological examination revealed a papillary urothelial carcinoma (grade I) associated with multiple stromal giant cells, which displayed morphological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of osteoclast-like giant cells. The formation of osteoclast-like giant cells in association with urothelial bladder carcinoma is a rare event, of which only six cases have been reported in the Anglo-American literature. It may cause diagnostic problems because primary giant cell tumor, giant cell carcinoma and foreign body stromal reaction have to be considered. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy may help to rule out these differential diagnoses.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗

PubMed2004

Foreign body reactions in lymph nodes of oncology patients with joint prostheses--light-, electron microscopic and immunohistological investigations.

Foreign body reactions in lymph nodes caused by wear particles from joint prostheses can mimic different lymphadenopathies, including metastatic cancer. The knowledge of these alterations is particularly important for pathologists performing frozen section diagnosis for oncology patients. As recent investigations of pseudocapsules have revealed that most of the wear particles are submicron-sized, transmission electron microscopic investigations were additionally performed. The histological investigation of the pelvic lymph nodes of 22 oncology patients with joint prostheses showed that the bone cement wear prevailed. At least small amounts of polyethylene wear particles were also found in all cases. Metallic wear particles were detected in 90% of the cases. The wear particles induce a macrophage-rich foreign body reaction that can cause an architectural effacement of the lymph nodes. The electron microscopic investigations showed that submicron-sized wear particles prevail. Some of them form conglomerates in size ranges detectable by light microscopy. The immunohistochemical studies showed that the foreign body reactions comprised mature CD163- and PGM1-positive macrophages and few lymphocytes, predominantly T-lymphocytes. The knowledge of the characteristic alterations of regional lymph nodes seems important in order to avoid misinterpretations. Therefore, in particular the detection of intracytoplasmatic wear particles is helpful in this respect.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed2003

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) of the urinary bladder.

We report on the clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and molecular cytogenetic features of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) primarily arising in the urinary bladder. An 81-year-old man presented with lymphedema of the lower extremities, fatigue, and urge incontinence. Radiographically, a tumor filling the entire cavity of the urinary bladder and extending into the pelvic and retroperitoneal tissue was noted. Histology of tumor biopsies showed a highly cellular, focally necrotic small round-cell tumor with numerous mitoses and occasional rosette-like structures. The tumor cells displayed significant immunoreactivity for neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and the MIC2 gene product (CD99). Dense-core granules were detectable by electron microscopy. A molecular cytogenetic analysis using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) revealed gains of the chromosomes 3p, 6, 8q, 12, 17q, and 21q. The patient died two weeks after diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fifth reported case of a PNET of the urinary bladder, and the first that includes a molecular cytogenetic analysis based on CGH.

12E7 Antigen↗

PubMed2002

In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of alkylphenols from Ginkgo biloba L.

Extracts from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. belong to the most widely used phytopharmaceuticals. In crude Ginkgo extracts, ginkgolic acids (GA) and related alkylphenols (e.g. cardanols and cardols) have been recognized as hazardous compounds with suspected cytotoxic, allergenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. To further assess the cytotoxic potential of GA, their effect on the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT and the rhesus monkey kidney tubular epithelial cell line LLC-MK(2) was investigated. The action of a defined mixture of GA on cell growth, viability and integrity was evaluated by the neutral red uptake assay as well as the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (ACP). Cell morphology was examined by electron microscopy. For comparison, the effect of the standardized Ginkgo extract EGb 761, which contains less than 5 ppm GA, was also investigated. Following incubation of cells with EGb 761, neutral red uptake was half-maximally inhibited at concentrations of 900 mg/l (HaCaT) and 1480 mg/ml (LLC-MK(2)). The corresponding IC(50)-values for the mixture of GA ranged between 22 mg/l (HaCaT) and 4.6 mg/l (LLC-MK(2)), respectively. In parallel to the inhibition of neutral red uptake, a concentration dependent release of LDH was observed when cells were incubated in the presence of GA (1-100 mg/l). In contrast, even at a concentration of 1800 mg/l EGb 761 did not cause release of LDH above controls. Since GA interacted with the assay for ACP, no index of lysosomal damage could be established by this method. Incubation of HaCaT cells with GA for 18 h increased the proportion of apoptotic cells from about 6% (control) to nearly 80% at concentrations of >or=30 mg/l. Electron microscopic analysis of HaCaT cells revealed a drug induced formation of myelinosomes possibly due to the inhibition of lysosomal enzymes, while morphological evaluation of LLC-MK(2) cells indicated that the cytotoxic activity of GA in these cells is primarily mediated by transformation of mitochondria, which is probably induced by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Malleolus externus plasty for joint reconstruction in fibular aplasia: preliminary report of a new technique.

The instability of the upper and the lower ankle joint represents a serious problem in patients with fibular aplasia. None of the previous techniques demonstrated at least sufficient results. In this report we present a new technique of malleolus externus plasty applied in a 5 1/2-year-old boy with fibular aplasia (type II according to Coventry and Johnson or type Ib according to Achtermann and Kalamchi) with a 6 cm length deficiency of the lower leg and 1 cm of the upper leg. Furthermore, he showed a tibial antecurvation deformity of 20 degrees, a fourth ray foot with adduction deformity of the hindfoot, cutane syndactyly D 2-4, and a hallux varus. This new technique works on the following principle. A triangular iliac crest transplant is implanted with an apophysis and the annexing fascia glutealis, including the osseous part of the transplant, in the lateral distal tibia in a way that the growing apophyseal part lays distally covering the lateral talus. Gluteal fascia annexed to the apophysis was used for the reconstruction of a lateral tendon. Using a ring fixator the transplant is fixed and coincidentally the lower leg lengthened and the axis corrected. The axis deformity and the leg-length deficiency of 7 cm were equalized. The fixator could be removed after 6 months. Radiologically, an entire integration of the iliac crest transplant was found. Magnetic resonance imaging showed it had sufficient circulation. The reexamination 2.5 years later demonstrated a simultaneous growth of the malleolus externus and the distal tibia and stable ankle joints with sufficient mobility and full weight-bearing capability. For support of the foot the boy uses ready-made shoes with curved arch supports. In conclusion, using this new technique an individually adapted lateral malleolus with growth-potential can be constructed that stabilizes the foot and the ankle joints. Thus, reluxations of the foot specifically in relation to lengthening of lower legs can be avoided with concurrent preservation of the range of movement of the ankle joint.

Ankle Joint↗