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Reynir T Geirsson

Publications and source records attributed to Reynir T Geirsson.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Recurrence of hypertensive disorder in second pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the recurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy with regard to the type of disorder, the onset of hypertension, and the modulating effect of overweight and weight gain between pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN: Maternity records from 896 parous women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in the first pregnancy were reviewed to reclassify disease status and calculate odds ratios for recurrence. RESULTS: Recurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy occurred in 58% to 94% of second pregnancies, depending on first pregnancy disorder. Overweight (odds ratio, 1.82) and weight gain (odds ratio, 2.20) were related to recurrence among women with gestational hypertension. Early hypertension (<or =34 weeks of gestation) increased the recurrence risk for women with gestational hypertension (odds ratio, 1.85) and preeclampsia (odds ratio, 3.42). CONCLUSION: Recurrence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy is common, but not specified by type of disorder in first pregnancy. Overweight and weight gain between pregnancies are associated with recurrent hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in women with gestational hypertension. Early onset of hypertension is a risk factor, independent of body weight.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Quantitative DNA perturbations of p53 in endometriosis: analysis of American and Icelandic cases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate quantitative aberrations involving p53 copy numbers in eutopic endometrial and endometriotic tissue from two populations. DESIGN: Comparative analysis of normal and diseased tissue. SETTING: Tissue specimens collected in Iceland and USA. PATIENT(S): Subjects with moderate/severe endometriosis (Iceland, n = 26; USA, n = 45). Paraffin-embedded tissue from 19 matched Icelandic cases and seven unaffected controls. American cases were fresh surgical tissue from 17 matched cases and 28 unaffected controls. DNA isolation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with TaqMan assay were performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The frequency of p53 loss and/or gain based on quantitative differences for copy numbers of p53 located on chromosome (17p) and GAPDH on a control locus (chromosome 12p). RESULT(S): Among American cases, significant p53 gain (n = 13) or loss (n = 4) was observed in 17 of 21 cases. In Icelandic cases this was not seen to the same degree. Mean normalized p53 values were 3.46 and 1.16 copies per reaction, respectively. Significant differences were observed between normalized p53 in the control blood and affected tissue for the American and Icelandic cases compared to standard GAPDH control but not in normal Icelandic and American endometrium. CONCLUSION(S): The results continue to support a role for nonrandom somatic p53 locus alterations in the pathogenesis of late or severe-stage endometriosis. Differences between Icelandic and American subjects have implications for generalization of genome-wide approaches.

DNA↗
PubMed2005

Cardiovascular death in women who had hypertension in pregnancy: a case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an association exists between hypertension in pregnancy and later development of cardiovascular disease. DESIGN: Case-control study of women who delivered with and without hypertensive complications during the same period. SETTING: University Hospital in Reykjavik, Iceland. POPULATION: Three hundred and twenty-five women with hypertension in pregnancy (blood pressure > or =140/90 mmHg after 20 weeks of gestation) in the years 1931-1947, graded by severity. For each case, two normotensive control women, delivering before or after the case and matched for parity and age were selected, giving a total of 629 women. METHODS: Causes of death were evaluated for the presence of ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular events and cancer, up until the end of 1996. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival curves, median survival times, risk of death by age group and severity of disease. RESULTS: Death with evidence of ischaemic heart disease was more common in cases (24.3%) than in control women (14.6%) (RR 1.66; 95% CI 1.27-2.17). Cerebrovascular event deaths occurred in 9.5% of cases and in 6.5% of controls (RR 1.46; 95% CI 0.94-2.28). Cancer death rates were not different (RR 1.22; 95% CI 0.91-1.63). Survival times were shorter on average by three to nine years as a consequence of cardiovascular disease. This varied by age group in the index pregnancy for women with a history of hypertension in pregnancy. The effect was smaller if the case pregnancy occurred at a young age. There was a linear trend with increasing severity of hypertensive disease in pregnancy in death rates from ischaemic heart disease (chi(2) (1)= 5.8, P= 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Long term follow up suggests an increased risk of death from ischaemic heart disease and cerebrovascular events among women who suffered hypertension in pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Association of fish and fish liver oil intake in pregnancy with infant size at birth among women of normal weight before pregnancy in a fishing community.

This 1998 study investigated the association between intake of fish and fish oil during pregnancy and full-term infants' size at birth in an Icelandic fishing community. Healthy women aged 20-40 years of normal weight before pregnancy (body mass index: 19.5-25.5 kg/m(2)) and at 38-43 weeks of gestation were selected randomly. Information on infant size at birth was collected from maternity records. Intake of fish and fish oil in pregnancy was ascertained (n = 491, 80.1%) by using a validated, focused, food frequency questionnaire. Infants of women in the lowest quartile of fish consumption weighed less (p = 0.036), were shorter (p < 0.001), and had a smaller head circumference (p < 0.001) at birth than those of women consuming higher amounts of fish. Infants of women in the highest quartile of fish oil intake (> or =1 tablespoon (11 ml)/day), consuming threefold the recommended dietary allowance of vitamin A and twofold that of vitamin D, were shorter (p = 0.036) and had a smaller head circumference (p = 0.003) than those of women consuming less. Infant size at birth increased with fish consumption, especially for women in the lower quartiles of consumption. Smaller birth size was linked to the highest levels of fish oil intake. Constituents of fish and fish oil might affect birth size differently depending on the amount consumed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Effectiveness of preabortion counseling on postabortion contraceptive use.

In a randomized trial, the effect of preabortion counseling was evaluated and contraceptive use postabortion described. The 420 women, who were assigned into either an intervention group (n = 210) or a control group (n = 210), were followed-up 4-6 months later, a total of 148 and 128 women in each respective group. No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding contraceptive use after abortion (86%, 85%), which indicates no immediate intervention effect. The women, in both groups, who had previously undergone abortion were less likely to use contraception. The main contraceptive methods used by intervention and control groups were oral contraceptives (61% and 58%, respectively) and injectables (12% and 11%). Choice of method was mainly based on women's prior perception of effectiveness and convenience of use. A majority of the women in both groups could not specify their contraceptive plans. A postrandomization inequality regarding age, education and parity in the two groups had, however, to be taken into account. Intensive contraceptive counseling before abortion may not be effective, but those who are at higher risk of unplanned pregnancy need special attention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Paternity change and the recurrence risk in familial hypertensive disorder in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if there is an increased risk for recurrence of hypertensive disorder in pregnancy with a new partner and whether this is affected by maternal age and the interbirth interval through use of familial material. METHODS: Data on 614 multiparous women, with confirmed de novo hypertensive disorder in a first pregnancy, were used to assess the effect of paternity and interbirth interval on recurrence of hypertensive disorders. RESULTS: There were 121 women (19.7%) who had changed partner. Recurrent hypertension occurred in 318 women (64.5%) with the same partner and in 75 women (62%) with a new partner. The odds ratio (OR) for recurrence with the same partner was 1.115 (95% CI 0.739-1.680) and with a new partner 0.897 (95% CI 0.595-1.353). The mean interbirth interval was longer for women with recurrent hypertension (4.9 vs. 4.0 years, p = 0.0002). The OR for developing recurrent hypertensive disorder was 1.154 (95% CI 1.049-1.269) for every interval year with the same partner and 1.145 (95% CI 0.958-1.368) with a new partner after correction for maternal age. CONCLUSION: In women with a positive family history and previous hypertension in pregnancy, change of paternity does not influence the risk of recurrence. Increasing interbirth interval may account for a 15% recurrence risk for each year, independent of maternal age. There was no indication that a change of partner conferred any influence on the recurrence risk that is not explained with birth interval or age.

Female↗
PubMed2004

After FIGO 2003.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Chile↗
PubMed2003

Trends in teenage fertility, abortion, and pregnancy rates in Iceland compared with other Nordic countries, 1976-99.

BACKGROUND: Iceland is often considered very similar to the other Nordic countries. The purpose of this study was to explore trends in teenage fertility, abortion, and pregnancy rates in Iceland, compare these trends with corresponding rates in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden during the period 1976-99, and to evaluate similarities and dissimilarities. METHODS: The study is based on data about fertility, abortion, and pregnancy rates obtained from the Icelandic and Nordic national population and abortion registers for the age group 15-19 years years. RESULTS: Teenage fertility and pregnancy rates in the five Nordic countries declined over the study period by 57-67% and 31-50%, respectively, and in Iceland they remained significantly higher than in the Nordic countries. In 1999 almost every other teenage pregnancy in Iceland (45.9/1000) resulted in a childbirth (24.4/1000). Regional fertility rates were highest in the countryside. While the abortion rate has been declining in the four Nordic countries by 20-41%, they have concurrently been rising in Iceland by 133% (9.4/1000 in 1976-80, 21.9/1000 in 1996-99) and are presently higher than in the other Nordic countries. Regionally, abortion rates in Iceland were highest in the Capital area. CONCLUSIONS: The teenage pregnancy rate is higher in Iceland than in the other Nordic countries. This may be explained by cultural norms in Iceland's society regarding childbearing, early initiation of sexual intercourse, more limited sex education, and less effective delivery and use of contraceptive methods. There is a need to promote sexual and reproductive health to young people in Iceland by combining diverse preventive approaches.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2002

Weight gain in women of normal weight before pregnancy: complications in pregnancy or delivery and birth outcome.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between gestational weight gain in women of normal prepregnant weight and complications during pregnancy and delivery in a population with high gestational weight gain and birth weight. METHODS: Healthy women (n = 615) of normal weight before pregnancy (body mass index 19.5-25.5 kg/m(2)) were randomly selected. Maternity records gave information on age, height, prepregnant weight, gestational weight gain, parity, smoking, gestational hypertension and diabetes, preeclampsia, delivery complications, and infants' birth size and health. RESULTS: The mean weight gain in pregnancy was 16.8 +/- 4.9 kg (mean +/- standard deviation). A total of 26.4% of the women had complications, either in pregnancy (9.1%) or delivery (17.3%). Women gaining weight according to the recommendation of the Institute of Medicine (11.5-16.0 kg) had lower frequency of pregnancy-delivery complications than women gaining more than 20.0 kg (P =.017), but did not differ significantly from those gaining 16-20 kg (P >.05). When dividing weight gain in pregnancy into quintiles, a relative risk of 2.69 (95% confidence interval 1.01, 7.18, P =.048) was found for complications in pregnancy in the fourth quintile (17.9-20.8 kg), using the second quintile as reference (12.5-15.5 kg). The mean birth weight was 3778 +/- 496 g. A low weight gain in pregnancy (less than 11.5 kg) was associated with an increased frequency of infants weighing less than 3500 g at birth (P <.01). CONCLUSION: A gestational weight gain of 11.5-16.0 kg (Institute of Medicine recommendation) for women of normal prepregnant weight is related to the lowest risk for pregnancy-delivery complications. In the population studied, the upper limit might be higher (up to 18 kg), and low weight gain should be avoided to optimize birth outcome.

Adult↗