Biomedical subjects

Richard A Windsor

Publications and source records attributed to Richard A Windsor.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Using formative evaluation to improve a smoking cessation intervention for pregnant women.

Triangulation analysis was used to assess qualitative data collected to examine smoking cessation materials and methods prior to a large randomized clinical trial with pregnant smokers. The patient education program's components were tested with 265 patients receiving Medicaid-insured care in 9 public clinics. The formative evaluation process conducted during this pilot study of the Smoking Cessation and Reduction in Pregnancy Trial included assessment of A Pregnant Woman's Guide to Stop Smoking (Windsor et al., 2002), a companion video, clinic reinforcement, and patient-centered counseling. Focus groups were conducted, with 23 (82%) of the nurses and social workers who provided the intervention. Twenty-nine (20.8%) of the women who received the intervention were interviewed individually. The qualitative data were examined to identify convergence and divergence among and between providers and patients about presentation, use of components, and program impact. Findings were used to refine the intervention to enhance patient and staff receptivity, specifically to ensure participant comprehension and shorten time required of busy staff.

Female↗

PubMed2003

A formative evaluation in maternal and child health practice: the Partners for Life Nutrition Education Program for pregnant women.

OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the formative evaluation of the Partners For Life Program that was developed to change dietary behavior of low income pregnant women in the Mississippi Delta region. METHODS: A diverse group of nutrition/health professionals, adapted the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program's (EFNEP) methodology for pregnant patients in the local Women, Infants, and Children program who were receiving maternity care at the county health department. Formative evaluation activities included gathering data to determine 1) whether a new nutrition curriculum, modeled after EFNEP could be created, 2) whether peer educators could be recruited and trained to deliver the intervention, 3) whether pregnant women could be recruited to participate in the new program, 4) whether a pilot test of the new intervention would produce short-term impact in nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior, and 5) reactions of pregnant women on the usability of the new program. Data were gathered through use of the Program Implementation Index, focus groups, and a retrospective record review. Pilot test assessments included tests of nutrition knowledge and self-reported changes in dietary behavior. RESULTS: The formative evaluation demonstrated both positive and negative outcomes. Positive data included 1) successful recruitment and training of the peer educators to deliver the intervention; 2) successful recruitment of the targeted population for the pilot study; 3) complete information on project questionnaires and measuring forms; and 4) among those who completed the program, a statistically significant improvement in nutrition knowledge and dietary behavior. Two negative aspects in this formative study were 1) the Program Implementation Index quantitatively showed that the program experienced problems retaining participants it recruited and 2) deviation of the timeframe for intervention delivery. Program length was identified as the primary reason for participant attrition. CONCLUSIONS: It is important for program developers to use results from formative evaluations to make changes in problem areas prior to implementation of a full-scale impact evaluation.

Advisory Committees↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The discrepancy between self-reported smoking status and urine continine levels among women enrolled in prenatal care at four publicly funded clinical sites.

The discrepancy between self-reported smoking behavior and actual urine cotinine values among prenatal patients at four municipally operated clinical sites was examined. Face-to-face interview and birth certificate information about smoking behavior during pregnancy was compared with laboratory urine cotinine values for 74 patients. Almost three of every four (73%) self-reported nonsmokers had continine values greater than 80 ng/mL; one-half (48%) had values exceeding 100 ng/mL. Self-reported prenatal smoking behavior seems to be an unreliable indicator of actual smoking status among low-income prenatal patients, resulting in missed opportunities to lower tobacco-related exposure/risk among women with the poorest birth outcomes.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Data collection in a multisite project: Teleform.

Data collection, entry, validation, and management are salient time- and resource-consuming dimensions of all research projects. This is especially true for multisite studies, which pose unique, additional challenges because of their research design requirements. To save time and reduce the number of manual data entry errors, automated processing systems are becoming more widely used. Our research team chose Teleform for data entry and collection for the Smoking Cessation or Reduction in Pregnancy Trial study. This article presents our experience with this new technology.

Alabama↗