Biomedical subjects

Richard C Palmer

Publications and source records attributed to Richard C Palmer.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Social disparities across the continuum of colorectal cancer: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this review is to evaluate the published literature to assess social inequalities in colorectal cancer using the 'cancer disparities grid.' METHODS: Three computerized databases were searched from January 1990 to January 2004 to identify published English language articles that collected data from study participants living in the United States. Abstracts were reviewed and articles that dealt with social inequality and colorectal cancer were selected. A total of 46 articles were identified and classified into the appropriate cell of the cancer disparities grid. RESULTS: The majority of research identified for the grid has focused primarily in one domain of inequality, race/ethnicity and racism, and within one column of the cancer continuum, cancer screening. About one-third of the articles focused on multiple aspects of social inequalities. There were few or no published research articles within many of the domains of social inequality along the continuum of colorectal cancer prevention, treatment, and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This review found only a modest amount of research has been conducted that has examined the influence of social inequalities on colorectal cancer. Findings suggest that a multidisciplinary approach is needed to measure and remedy these social inequalities.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Acculturation and mammography screening among Hispanic women living in farmworker communities.

The relationship between acculturation and mammography screening practices among Hispanic women is unclear due to inconsistent study findings. The purpose of this research was to further investigate the effect of acculturation on mammography screening practices among Hispanic women and to explore the effect of biculturalism on mammography screening. Hispanic female farmworkers (N = 716) who were 50 years of age and older living in communities in Texas, New Mexico, and California were interviewed at their homes. Data collection was conducted from November 2001 to February 2002. Logistic regression models showed no significant effect for acculturation for the entire sample. Post hoc stratified analysis found that bicultural study participants in California were 3 times more likely to be adherent to screening compared to those with low acculturation. Study findings suggest that distinct differences might exist for Hispanic women living in farmworker communities in California, and perhaps other communities not on the United States-Mexico border. Women in such communities with low levels of acculturation can be targeted for interventions to increase mammography adherence.

Acculturation↗

PubMed2005

Repeat mammography screening among low-income and minority women: a qualitative study.

Regular mammography screening can reduce breast cancer mortality, yet low-income African American and Hispanic women underutilize mammography screening and are often diagnosed at a later stage, resulting in increased mortality. We used qualitative research methods to identify factors influencing regular breast cancer screening among African American and Hispanic women. Predisposing factors (including fear of mastectomy and lack of knowledge), enabling factors (including cost and social support) and a reinforcing factor were identified and categorized utilizing the PRECEDE framework. The study identified factors associated with the decision to complete regular mammography screening, and examined differences between African American and Hispanic women who participated in the interviews. Future research should seek to better understand the influence of family/friends, risk perception, and fatalistic beliefs on the decision to obtain regular mammograms.

Black or African American↗

PubMed2005

Correlates of mammography screening among Hispanic women living in lower Rio Grande Valley farmworker communities.

Factors contributing to the underuse of mammography screening by female Hispanic farmworkers aged 50 years and older in the Lower Rio Grande Valley were determined through home-based, Spanish-language personal interviews (N = 200). Questions covered adherence to screening mammography guidelines (mammogram within 2 years), healthcare access, sociodemographic characteristics, and theoretical constructs related to breast cancer screening in the literature. Multivariate findings indicated that adherent women were 3.6 times more likely to have health insurance. Self-efficacy for obtaining a mammogram and decisional balance were also significantly related to adherence; age, income, and education variables were not associated, perhaps because of restricted variation. Results indicate continuing efforts are needed to ensure that medically underserved migrant farmworker women have access to health care services. In addition, efforts to increase their self-efficacy in obtaining a mammogram and to counter negative attitudes and opinions by stressing the positive prognosis associated with early detection are warranted.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

Indoor tanning facility density in eighty U.S. cities.

The purpose of this study was to examine the number of tanning facilities in select U.S. cities. The twenty most populated cities from each of 4 U.S. regions were selected for the sample. For each city, data on the number of tanning facilities, climate, and general demographic profile were collected. Data for state tanning facility legislation also were collected. A tanning facility density variable was created by dividing the city's number of facilities by its population size. The 80 cities had an average of 50 facilities each. Results of linear regression analysis indicated that higher density was significantly associated with colder climate, lower median income, and higher proportion of Whites. These data indicate that indoor tanning facilities are prevalent in the environments of U.S. urban-dwellers. Cities having the higher density profile may be logical targets for interventions promoting less or safer use of these facilities.

Beauty Culture↗