Biomedical subjects

Richard C Stephens

Publications and source records attributed to Richard C Stephens.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Predictors of alcohol and crack cocaine use outcomes over a 3-year follow-up in treatment seekers.

This study identified predictors of long-term alcohol and crack cocaine use outcomes in individuals participating in the Persistent Effects of Treatment Study. The domains that were assessed included motivation, self-efficacy, social support, psychiatric severity, employment, housing status, and self-help group attendance at baseline and 6, 12, 24, and 30 month follow-ups. In alcohol users, higher perceived seriousness of substance use problems, self-efficacy, and self-help group attendance, as well as lower social support for substance use, consistently predicted better alcohol use outcomes in the subsequent assessment period. In crack cocaine users, only self-efficacy consistently predicted cocaine use outcomes. Higher self-efficacy during follow-up was predicted by lower perceived seriousness of substance use and lower alcohol use frequency in the prior assessment period, whereas greater self-help group attendance was predicted by greater perceived seriousness of substance use, and lower substance use frequency.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Arrestees' perceived needs for substance-specific treatment: exploring urban-rural differences.

An interview study among a group of arrestees in seven county jails was conducted in the state of Ohio between June 1999 and September 2001, examining the prevalence of alcohol and drug dependence within the group and assessing the need for substance-abuse treatment. Four of the county jails where interviews were conducted are in urban areas, and three are in rural areas. The present study focused on demographic variables, situation-related factors, current drug dependence diagnoses, past treatment experience, and jail location-rural or urban. It sought to assess whether these factors predicted arrestees' perceived needs for substance-specific treatment (for alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and/or opiate addiction); and, further, whether any predictors of a perceived need for treatment would be identical for arrestees housed in rural jails and those housed in urban jails. The results show that some of the factors assessed do exert differential effects on rural and urban arrestees' perceived needs for substance-specific treatment. Future treatment policy within the criminal justice system should perhaps take into account inmates' individual characteristics and the rural or urban location of the jail initiating their processing. It may be possible, by paying attention to these variables, to enhance inmates' motivation to enter treatment programs, leading ultimately to drug-use cessation.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

The role of drugs in crime: insights from a group of incoming prisoners.

The present study was designed to evaluate whether drug dependence is associated with any specific perception of the role of drugs in crime. In the summers of 1997 and 1998, face-to-face interviews were conducted with members of a group of incoming prisoners at the Cuyahoga County Jail in Cleveland. Ohio. "Incoming prisoners" denotes persons whose criminal cases had been adjudicated and who were of their way to one of Ohio's prisons. Respondents were asked whether they themselves perceived that drugs had been a factor in the crimes for which they had been arrested. Those respondents classified as dependent on at least one illicit drug tended to answer affirmatively. This sub-group was also more likely than their non-dependent counterparts to admit to using drugs in the two days following the commission of their crimes. Specifically, these respondents viewed the need to obtain drugs for personal use as one of their main motives for participating in crime.

Adult↗