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Biomedical subjects

Richard G Bennett

Publications and source records attributed to Richard G Bennett.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Increased breast cancer risk after radiotherapy for acne among women with skin cancer.

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy was commonly used to treat benign conditions, especially skin diseases, during the first half of the twentieth century. Previous studies have shown that radiotherapy for some of these conditions increases the risk of developing breast cancer. Although breast cancer associated with previous radiotherapy for acne has been reported, no statistically significant correlation has been established. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether radiotherapy for acne is a risk factor for subsequent development of breast cancer. METHODS: A retrospective nested case-control study was conducted using the cohort of all patients referred for Mohs micrographic surgery to the senior author (R. G. B.) from 1978 to 2003. The case group consisted of 244 women who were skin cancer patients and who had received radiotherapy for acne. The control group consisted of 244 age-matched women skin cancer patients from the same records randomly selected within the initial Mohs micrographic surgery treatment year. Clinical data from both groups regarding cancer history and radiotherapy were extracted and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Women skin cancer patients who had received radiotherapy for acne have a prevalence of breast cancer of 15% compared with 6.6% in control women skin cancer patients, for an odds ratio (OR) of 2.5 (P = .0033; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.6). Increased prevalence is correlated with age at treatment younger than 20 years (age-adjusted OR, 2.9; age-adjusted P = .002), treatment sessions numbering 5 or more (age-adjusted OR, 3.5; age-adjusted P = .005), and treatment year occurring before 1950 (age-adjusted OR, 2.9; age-adjusted P = .00013). LIMITATIONS: The data used are based primarily on patient history and physical examinations and are therefore limited by the accuracy of the patient and the caregiver. CONCLUSION: Women with skin cancer exposed to previous radiotherapy for acne are significantly more likely to develop breast cancer than their age-matched controls with skin cancer. Therefore all women previously treated for acne with radiotherapy should be identified and closely monitored for subsequent breast cancer development.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2005

Hospitalization and death associated with potentially inappropriate medication prescriptions among elderly nursing home residents.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the association of potentially inappropriate medication prescribing (PIRx) with hospitalization and death among elderly long-stay nursing home residents. METHODS: We defined PIRx using the combined version of the Beers criteria. Data were from the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Nursing Home Component. The study sample included 3372 residents, 65 years and older, who had nursing home stays of 3 consecutive months or longer in 1996. We performed multivariate logistic regression analyses of longitudinal data using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: Residents who received any PIRx had greater odds (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; P = .002) of being hospitalized in the following month than those receiving no PIRx. Residents with PIRx exposure for 2 consecutive months were at increased risk (OR, 1.27; P = .004) of hospitalization, as were those receiving PIRx in the second month only (OR, 1.80; P = .001), compared with those receiving no PIRx. Residents who received PIRx were at greater risk of death (OR, 1.28; P = .01) that month or the next. Residents with intermittent PIRx exposures were at greater odds of death (OR, 1.89; P<.001), compared with those with no PIRx exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The association of PIRx with subsequent adverse outcomes (hospitalization and death) provides new evidence of the importance of improving prescribing practices in the nursing home setting.

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PubMed2005

Acknowledged funding sources in pressure ulcer literature: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify pressure ulcer research funding sources. DESIGN: A systematic review of the acknowledgment sections of pressure ulcer literature published between 2000 and 2002. RESULTS: Sixty-four papers were identified that acknowledged funding sources. Governmental funding sources were acknowledged in 53% (n = 34) of these papers, followed by manufacturers (30%, n = 19), consumer/professional organizations (17%, n = 11), provider organizations (11%, n = 7), philanthropic organizations (11%, n = 7), and academic institutions (9%, n = 6). CONCLUSION: Although various governmental organizations fund most pressure ulcer-related projects, this systematic review found that many other sources of funding are available. Researchers are encouraged to explore multiple sources for funding clinical research.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2005

Long-term care liability for pressure ulcers.

More than 20% of residents who have been in long-term care (LTC) facilities for 2 or more years will develop at least one pressure ulcer (PU). Residents suffer pain, disfigurement, and decreased quality of life, and their risk of illness and death increases. LTC facilities face censure from residents, their families, and surveyors and the threat of expensive lawsuits. Lawsuits are typically based on contentions of residents with a PU--or their advocates--that the LTC facility was negligent and failed to provide the care that, by industry standards, it must provide to prevent or manage such wounds (managing pressure, incontinence, and nutrition). In this article, data from 1999 and 2002 are presented, showing that lawsuits related to PUs are increasingly common and costly for LTC owners and care providers. Residents realized some type of recovery against the facility in 87% of the cases (verdicts for the resident plus settlements) and were awarded amounts as high as $312 million in damages. Even LTC administrators who believe that care in their facility equals or exceeds industry standards often settle lawsuits out of court to avoid jury verdicts. The data also show that jury awards were highest for PUs caused by multiple factors and that the highest awards for PUs caused by a single factor were seen when that factor was inadequate nutrition. LTC providers can help improve the health and quality of life of their residents, improve survey results, and minimize their risk of expensive lawsuits by developing, implementing, and documenting a plan of basic measures to prevent PUs.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Laser Dopplers to determine cutaneous blood flow.

BACKGROUND: Laser Dopplers can be useful in determining the relative amount of blood flowing through superficial skin. These instruments may be useful in assessing blood flow in healing wounds, flaps, and grafts. OBJECTIVE: To review the theory and types of laser Dopplers available. METHODS: This work includes a review of the literature. RESULTS: Laser Dopplers potentially have a broad range of applications in dermatologic surgery and dermatology. Because laser Dopplers can quantify blood flow, the course of wound healing over time can be studied; however, for predicting viability of skin flaps and grafts, laser Dopplers have not been able to supplant clinical assessment. CONCLUSION: Laser Dopplers provide an additional means of assessing superficial blood flow in the skin. This blood flow, which can be quantified, may be useful in studying wound and flap and graft healing.

Burns↗
PubMed2003

Addressing health needs of an aging society through medical-religious partnerships: what do clergy and laity think?

PURPOSE: This article reports on the interest within the religious community in a medical-religious partnership model designed to address some of the health challenges communities face as the population continues to age and become more diverse. DESIGN AND METHODS: A geographically and religiously diverse group of 183 clergy who were attending a continuing education program on theology and preaching were invited to complete a 16-item survey asking about their interest in working with hospitals to offer health-related programs and activities in their congregations. Another sample, this one consisting of 524 individuals from a religiously diverse group of congregations in Florida, was also asked about their interest in having health programs offered in their congregations. RESULTS: Of the 54% of clergy who completed the surveys, 72% said it was "very important" and 28% said it was "somewhat important" to actively address the health needs of their congregations. Support for specific programs was also strong, with at least 80% reporting it was very likely they would support screenings, preventive interventions, and health-related classes in their congregations. Strong support was also found among the laity surveyed, with 85% expressing interest in faith-based health programs and 45% reporting they would be interested in helping organize and promote such programs. IMPLICATIONS: Health care systems and other organizations interested in addressing health needs of older adults can look to religious institutions for assistance in providing the information and support patients and family members need to prevent or minimize the impact of chronic illnesses.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Care management interventions for older patients with congestive heart failure.

OBJECTIVES: To identify interventions and outcome measures that should be included when designing care management programs for older patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and assessing the overall effectiveness of these programs. STUDY DESIGN: Structured literature review and assessment. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify articles that described interventions and outcome measures designed to improve care for older patients with CHF. Resultant studies were classified according to design, and interventions and outcome measures were categorized. Finally, the data were analyzed to identify care management strategies and outcome measures associated with effective studies (defined as those that achieved improvement in more than half of the important outcome measures). RESULTS: Thirty-two studies were identified. Most of the effective programs employed both a physician and a nurse; 12 employed a case manager. Hospital utilization was typically reduced by 30% to 80% in studies that measured this factor, although utilization increased in 2 studies. Only 6 studies showed significant reductions in costs. Fifteen of the studies were categorized as effective; 15 showed trends toward improvement; and 2 studies in which intervention subjects worsened appeared to have design flaws and subject selection biases. CONCLUSION: Care management interventions can be clinically effective, although cost effectiveness remains to be established. Common elements in effective care management programs included the teaming of a physician with a nurse or care manager; frequent patient monitoring for CHF decompensation; and patient education to improve self-assessment skills. Most ineffective programs showed deficiencies in nurse training, study design, or patient selection.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pressure ulcer research funding in America: creation and analysis of an on-line database.

OBJECTIVE: To systematically collect information on active research grants to characterize pressure ulcer research funding in the United States and to identify potential targets for future research and funding initiatives. DESIGN A descriptive study. MAIN RESULTS: The investigators identified 32 grants, representing 16,444,117 US dollars in research funding. The majority of this funding came from federal sources, including the National Institutes of Health (90%), the Department of Veterans Affairs (7%), the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (2%), and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (1%). One quarter of pressure ulcer research grants related to quality improvement. Additional topic areas included risk factors or risk assessment tools (19%), adjunctive therapy (16%), mobilization (13%), and pressure management in foot care for patients with diabetes mellitus (9%). Further grants were in the areas of incidence, assessing tissue damage or healing, support surfaces, dressings and topical agents, nutrition, economic evaluation, and pain. CONCLUSION: The investment in pressure ulcer research is minute compared with pressure ulcer treatment expenditures. Policy makers are urged to encourage increased federal and foundation funding for research concerning pressure ulcers. Researchers are also encouraged to develop well-designed proposals to obtain available research funding. Additional research is needed in the areas of pressure ulcer incidence and prevalence, support surface design and use, pain, operative treatment, economic impact, and education strategies for caregivers and patients.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pressure-related deep tissue injury under intact skin and the current pressure ulcer staging systems.

OBJECTIVE: To identify how current pressure ulcer staging systems and experts describe pressure-related deep tissue injury under intact skin in the published research literature. DESIGN: A systematic review of published English-language literature as of November 2002 with the words decubitus or pressure ulcer(s) in the title. Additional relevant articles were identified by National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel members and were included in the analysis. An expert commentary was developed by iterative review by the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel members. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Manuscripts were reviewed for staging systems cited or described, definitions of Stage I pressure ulcers, and descriptions or definitions of pressure-related deep tissue injury under intact skin. MAIN RESULTS: Ninety-four relevant articles were identified. Seventy-three articles (78%) described a staging system, and 55 of 73 (75%) cited the staging definitions from Shea, the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, or the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel's staging definitions were the most frequently cited overall. Twenty-three articles (25%) included some discussion that could be interpreted as relevant to the topic of pressure-related deep tissue injury under intact skin; however, no consistency in definitions of Stage I pressure ulcers or terminology for pressure-related deep tissue injury under intact skin was found. CONCLUSIONS: Several pressure ulcer staging systems are frequently cited, but none define pressure-related deep tissue injury under intact skin. The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel recommends using the terms "pressure-related deep tissue injury under intact skin" or "deep tissue injury under intact skin" for describing these lesions and encourages investigators to establish the epidemiology and natural history of these lesions.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Impact of physician telephone management of nursing home residents before the initial assessment: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe physician telephone management of newly admitted nursing home residents before direct evaluation by the physician, and the effect on resident outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of 111 consecutive discharge records from two proprietary community nursing homes in Baltimore, Maryland in 1999. MEASUREMENTS: Data regarding the admission process were collected, with an emphasis on physician telephone orders at admission and all subsequent telephone orders before the first physician visit. Physicians were categorized as attending physicians or on-call physicians. Unexpected outcomes defined as an unplanned admission to an acute hospital or an unanticipated death within 14 days of admission to the nursing home were identified. The relationships among resident, physician, and admission characteristics and unexpected outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Most residents (97 of 111 (87%)) were admitted from an acute hospital, and the remaining 13% were admitted from home or another nursing home. An attending physician confirmed admission orders for 87 of 111 (78%) residents, and an on-call physician confirmed admission orders for the remainder. Physicians changed medications at the time of admission, as compared with preadmission medications, in 58 of 111 (52%) residents and ordered laboratory studies or radiographs in 59 of 111 (53%). On-call physicians were just as likely to make both types of changes as attending physicians. In the time interval after the initial telephone contact but before the first physician visit, medication changes were made in 35 of 111 (32%) residents and testing was ordered in 16 of 111 (14%). Nineteen of 111 (17%) residents were either readmitted to the hospital or died within 14 days of admission to the nursing home. These unexpected outcomes were statistically less likely to occur in the group of residents for whom physicians made medication changes at the time of admission as compared to the group for whom no medication changes were made [6 of 58 (10%) versus 13 of 53 (25%), P = 0.04, respectively], and in the group for whom tests were ordered at the time of admission as compared to not ordered [4 of 59 (7%) versus 15 of 51 (29%), P = 0.002, respectively]. There were no differences in the likelihood of unexpected outcomes when physicians made medication changes or ordered tests after the time of admission but before the first physician visit. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, physicians made adjustments in medications and ordered tests for newly admitted nursing home patients before seeing the resident in the majority of cases. Unexpected outcomes including readmission to the hospital or death within 14 days of admission were less common among those residents when such changes were made at the time of admission. Further studies are needed to identify those changes as well as those resident and physician characteristics that might lead to improved outcomes.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demographic and health characteristics of residents choosing to use on-site medical care in a newly opened continuing care retirement community (CCRC).

OBJECTIVE: To determine demographic and health characteristics of older adults choosing to use on-site medical care in a continuing care retirement community (CCRC). DESIGN: A descriptive study of residents moving into a newly opened CCRC. Residents responded to a self-report mail survey composed of questions related to reasons for moving to a CCRC, health and functional status,health care use during the previous 5 years. RESULTS: Of 942 residents, 642 (68%) completed the survey. Medical center users and nonusers were similar demographically and reported similar reasons for moving to the CCRC including desire for a low maintenance apartment (49% vs. 48%; P = 0.806), concern about health or spouse's health (67% vs. 63%; P = 0.345), and desire for social activities (63% vs. 58%; P = 0.151). However, on-site medical center users versus nonusers reported increased rates of fair/poor health (31% vs. 18%; P = 0.0001), fair/poor vision (27% vs. 15%; P = 0.0003),difficulty walking in the home (13% vs. 8%; P = 0.53), using the toilet (6% vs. 2%; P = 0.044), shopping (29% vs. 20%; P = 0.007), using transportation (19% vs. 10%; P = 0.005), doing laundry (13% vs. 7%; P = 0.016), using the telephone (8% vs. 3%; P = 0.002), and taking medication (5% vs. 1%; P = 0.022). CONCLUSION: For both users and nonusers of the medical center, the most frequently cited reason for moving to the CCRC was concern about health. On-site medical center users had lower perceived health, were functionally more disabled, and had health characteristics that made them at higher risk for high health care utilization. The challenges to provide high quality medical care and enhance quality of life for CCRC residents will continue to increase. Physicians should play an active role not only in providing medical care to CCRC residents, but also in providing medical leadership for these institutions.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing documentation of telephone communication with physicians in community nursing homes.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the nursing documentation of telephone communication with physicians in community nursing homes. DESIGN: We conducted a prospective observational study evaluating nursing documentation of all telephone calls to one physician group. SETTING: We studied two proprietary community nursing homes in Baltimore, Maryland. MEASUREMENTS: Data were collected by physicians at the time of each call regarding the time, day, nursing facility, reason for the call, and any orders given. Calls were also categorized as to whether documentation was necessary by defined criteria. The nursing home charts were then reviewed for the presence of documentation of 1) the issue that prompted the call, 2) physician's participation in the matter, and 3) any orders given by the physician. The relationships between the characteristics of the telephone calls and the rates of documentation were then analyzed. RESULTS: There were 248 calls from the two nursing homes during the 2-month study period. Nursing documentation of the issue that prompted the call was present for 80% of total calls. This documentation was more likely to be present with calls for change of patient status and notification of laboratory/radiograph results compared with calls for other issues (117 of 125 [94%] vs. 57 of 63 [90%] vs. 24 of 60 [40%], respectively; chi(2) = 78.3, P <0.0001). Calls that were categorized as "documentation necessary" by the Medical Director were more likely to be documented than calls that were not (132 of 150 [88%] vs. 9 of 35 [26%], respectively; chi(2) = 60.8, P <0.001). Of the 198 calls with any form of documentation, specific mention of physician participation in the communication was present in 89% of these calls. This documentation of physician participation was more likely to be present with calls for laboratory/radiograph notification than with calls for change of patient status or calls for other reasons (57 of 57 [100%] vs. 99 of 117 [85%] vs. 20 of 24 [83%], respectively; chi(2) = 10.0, P = 0.007). Physicians indicated that orders were given during 69% of calls, but orders were only documented for 79% of these interactions. No characteristics of the call were associated with likelihood of order documentation. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, documentation of issues that lead to telephone calls to physicians was not always present. Similarly, orders given by the physician were absent over 20% of the time. Nurses, physicians, and facilities should develop efficient and routine strategies to optimize rates of documentation of telephone communication with physicians.

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