PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Richard N Baumgartner

Publications and source records attributed to Richard N Baumgartner.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Telomere content correlates with stage and prognosis in breast cancer.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the hypothesis that telomere DNA content (TC) in breast tumor tissue correlates with TNM staging and prognosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Slot blot assay was used to quantitate TC in 70 disease-free normal tissues from multiple organ sites, and two independent sets of breast tumors containing a total of 140 samples. Non-parametric Rank-Sums tests, logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relationships between TC and tumor size, nodal involvement, TNM stage, 5-year survival and disease-free interval. RESULTS: TC in 95% of normal tissues was 75-143% of that in the placental DNA standard, whereas only 50% of tumors had TC values in this range. TC was associated with tumor size (p=0.02), nodal involvement (p<0.0001), TNM stage (p=0.004), 5-year overall survival (p=0.0001) and 5-year disease-free survival (p=0.0004). A multivariable Cox model was developed using age at diagnosis, TNM stage and TC as independent predictors of breast cancer-free survival. Relative to the high TC group (>123% of standard), low TC (<101% of standard) conferred an adjusted relative hazard of 4.43 (95% CI 1.4-13.6, p=0.009). Receiver operating characteristic curves using thresholds defined by the TC distribution in normal tissues predicted 5-year breast cancer-free survival with 50% sensitivity and 95% specificity, and predicted death due to breast cancer with 75% sensitivity and 70% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: TC in breast cancer tissue is an independent predictor of clinical outcome and survival interval, and may discriminate by stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Diet quality is directly associated with quality of life in breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: To determine whether there is a direct relationship between diet quality and quality of life in breast cancer survivors. METHODS: Subjects (n = 714) were members of the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle study, a study of breast cancer prognosis conducted in three areas of the western United States. Approximately 2 years after entry to this study, diet data were collecting using food frequency questionnaires. These data were used to classify diet quality using the Diet Quality Index. Approximately 10 months later, data on quality of life were gathered using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item short form health survey. RESULTS: After controlling for age, education, race/ethnicity, body mass index, stage of disease, and time from diagnosis to quality of life measurement, women with excellent diet quality had significantly better scores than women with poor diet quality for overall mental health functioning and for 3 of 4 mental health subscale scores and 2 of 4 physical health subscale scores. CONCLUSION: Post-diagnosis diet quality is directly associated with subsequent mental and physical functioning in breast cancer survivors. This association is stronger for mental functioning than for physical functioning. The association remains strong after control for potential confounding variables.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Pre-diagnosis physical activity and mammographic density in breast cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between physical activity (PA) and mammographic density in the year before diagnosis in a population-based sample of 474 women diagnosed with stage 0-IIIA breast cancer and enrolled in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study. METHODS: We collected information on PA during an interview administered at a baseline visit scheduled within the first year after diagnosis. Participants recalled the type, duration, and frequency of different PAs for the year prior to their diagnosis. Dense area and percent density were estimated, from mammograms imaged approximately 1 year before diagnosis, as a continuous measure using a computer-assisted software program. Analysis of covariance methods were used to obtain mean density across PA tertiles adjusted for confounders. We stratified analyses by menopausal status and body mass index (BMI) because these factors strongly influence density. RESULTS: We observed a statistically significant decline in mammographic dense area (p for trend = 0.046) and percent density (p for trend = 0.026) with increasing level of sports/recreational PA in postmenopausal women with a BMI > or = 30 kg/m2. Conversely, in premenopausal women with a BMI < 30 kg/m2, we observed a statistically significant increase in percent density with increasing level of sports/recreational PA (p for trend = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: Both mammographic dense area and percent density are inversely related to level of sports/recreational PA in obese postmenopausal women. Increasing PA among obese postmenopausal women may be a reasonable intervention approach to reduce mammographic density.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Changes in body fat and weight after a breast cancer diagnosis: influence of demographic, prognostic, and lifestyle factors.

PURPOSE: Obese women and women who gain weight after a breast cancer diagnosis are at a greater risk for breast cancer recurrence and death compared with lean women and women who do not gain weight after diagnosis. In this population-based study, we assessed weight and body fat changes from during the first year of diagnosis to during the third year after diagnosis, and whether any changes in weight and body fat varied by demographic, prognostic, and lifestyle factors in 514 women with incident Stage 0-IIIA breast cancer. METHODS: Patients were participants in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) study. Weight and body fat (via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans) were measured during the baseline visit and 2 years later at a follow-up visit. Analysis of covariance methods were used to obtain mean weight and body fat changes adjusted for potential cofounders. RESULTS: Women increased their weight and percent body fat by 1.7 +/- 4.7 kg and 2.1% +/- 3.9%, respectively, from during their first year of diagnosis to during their third year of diagnosis. A total of 68% and 74% of patients gained weight and body fat, respectively. Greater increases in weight were observed among women diagnosed with a higher disease stage, younger age, being postmenopausal, and women who decreased their physical activity from diagnosis to up to 3 years after diagnosis (P for trend < .05). CONCLUSION: Weight and body fat increased in the postdiagnosis period. Future research should focus on the effect of physical activity on weight and fat loss and breast cancer prognosis.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed2005

Increasing trends in elderly persons' use of nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplements and concurrent use of medications.

OBJECTIVE: Use of nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplements among an elderly cohort was surveyed to determine which were the most frequently used, and to report potential medication/supplement interactions observed. DESIGN: A retrospective review of the use of 22 supplements and prescription/over-the-counter medications was collected annually from 1994 to 1999. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Supplement and medication records for an average of 359 male (36%) and female (64%) participants aged 60 to 99 years were reviewed annually. Ethnic distribution was 91% non-Hispanic white, 7% Hispanic, 1% Asian, and 1% African American. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Descriptive statistics generated included mean, standard deviation, and frequency by percentage. To compare supplement user and nonsupplement user percentages across age groups, the chi 2 test was used. Linear regression was performed to test for longitudinal usage trends of each individual supplement. RESULTS: By 1999, glucosamine emerged as the most frequently used nonvitamin, nonmineral supplement followed by ginkgo biloba, chondroitin, and garlic. For women, there was a significant linear trend ( P < .05) over time for these 12 supplements: black cohosh, borage, evening primrose, flaxseed oil, chondroitin, dehydroepiandrosterone, garlic, ginkgo biloba, glucosamine, grapeseed extract, hawthorn, and St John's wort. For men, three supplements (alpha lipoic acid, ginkgo biloba, and grape-seed extract) showed a significant linear trend ( P <.05). Potential interactions between supplements and medications were seen for 10 of the 22 supplements surveyed, with a total of 142 potential interactions observed over the 6-year period. CONCLUSIONS: Examining nonvitamin, nonmineral supplement use in combination with prescription/over-the-counter medications in elderly persons is important to identify the potential risks of interactions.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Sarcopenia, obesity, and inflammation--results from the Trial of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors study.

BACKGROUND: Age-related body-composition changes are associated with health-related outcomes in elders. This relation may be explained by inflammation and hemostatic abnormalities. OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to evaluate the relation between body-composition measures [body mass index (BMI), total fat mass, and appendicular lean mass (aLM)] and C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and to explore the effect of obesity and sarcopenia on CRP, IL-6, and PAI-1 concentrations. DESIGN: The data are from the Trial of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors (TRAIN) study baseline visit (n = 286; mean age = 66.0 y). Total fat mass and aLM were assessed with a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan. Linear regressions were performed between body-composition measures and CRP, IL-6, or PAI-1 concentrations. The effect of sarcopenia and obesity (defined as the percentage of fat mass) on CRP, IL-6, and PAI-1 concentrations was evaluated with the use of analyses of covariance. RESULTS: CRP and IL-6 were positively associated with both BMI [beta = 0.027 (P = 0.03) and beta = 0.048 (P < 0.001), respectively] and total fat mass [beta = 0.049 (P < 0.001) and beta = 0.055 (P < 0.001), respectively] and were inversely associated with fat-adjusted aLM [beta = -0.629 (P = 0.002) and beta = -0.467 (P = 0.02), respectively]. PAI-1 was positively associated with both BMI (beta = 0.038, P = 0.005) and total fat mass (beta = 0.032, P = 0.007). No significant interaction was found between either obesity or sarcopenia and CRP, IL-6, and PAI-1 concentrations. Obesity remained significantly associated with high CRP and IL-6 concentrations after adjustments for sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS: CRP and IL-6 are positively associated with total fat mass and negatively associated with aLM. Obesity-associated inflammation may play an important role in the age-related process that leads to sarcopenia. The relation of inflammation with sarcopenia was not independent of any of the considered obesity indexes.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Apolipoprotein epsilon4 allele and problems with orientation are associated with a persistent decline in cognition in community-dwelling elderly persons.

BACKGROUND: A decline in cognitive test scores in elderly persons can signal the beginning of a descent into dementia or may indicate only a short-term cognitive disturbance. It would be clinically useful to distinguish between the two outcomes and to identify characteristics of each. METHODS: Four hundred thirty-seven community-dwelling elderly persons were given the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) annually for an average of 7 years. A low score between baseline and final MMSE was identified. A low score 3 or more points lower than baseline score indicated cognitive decline. This decline was called persistent if the final MMSE score was also at least 3 points lower than baseline MMSE score; otherwise, the decline was considered transient. RESULTS: Twenty participants (4.6%) experienced a persistent cognitive decline, 67 participants (15.3%) experienced a transient cognitive decline. Presence of the apolipoprotein epsilon4 allele was significantly associated with persistent cognitive decline (age-adjusted odd ratio [OR] = 11.46, p < .0001) but not with transient cognitive decline (age-adjusted OR = 1.53, p = .219). Incorrect answers on the orientation part of the MMSE at the time of cognitive decline was associated with persistent decline compared to transient decline (age-adjusted OR = 3.58, p = .058). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent cognitive decline is an infrequent occurrence in community-dwelling elderly persons. Presence of the epsilon4 allele and errors made by the subject on questions of orientation may be useful in determining whether a cognitive decline is likely to be persistent.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

Cognitive function in drinkers compared to abstainers in the New Mexico elder health survey.

BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiological studies have shown that individuals who ingest alcohol regularly have a higher level of cognitive function and are less likely to develop dementia than those who abstain. The purpose of this study was to compare nine measures of cognitive function in drinkers compared to abstainers. METHODS: A cross-sectional community survey was conducted of 883 randomly selected Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men and women, age >or=65 years of age, undergoing a paid home interview and 4-hour interview/examination in a senior health clinic (The New Mexico Elder Health Survey). The interviews included questions on frequency and quantity of alcohol ingested. RESULTS: Participants who consumed alcohol had significantly better mean scores on 7 of 9 cognitive function tests and less frequently had scores below selected "cut points" compared to those who abstained from all alcohol intake. Scoring used multivariate linear and logistic regression models adjusted for sex, ethnicity, age, level of education, and evidence of depression. CONCLUSIONS: Participants in the New Mexico Elder Health Survey (nearly equal numbers of Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men and women) who consumed alcohol had better scores on their cognitive tests than did those participants who abstained.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Skeletal muscle cutpoints associated with elevated physical disability risk in older men and women.

The purpose of this study was to determine skeletal muscle cutpoints for identifying elevated physical disability risk in older adults. Subjects included 4,449 older (> or = 60 years) participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 1988-1994. Physical disability was assessed by questionnaire, and bioimpedance was used to estimate skeletal muscle, which was normalized for height. Receiver operating characteristics were used to develop the skeletal muscle cutpoints associated with a high likelihood of physical disability. Odds for physical disability were compared in subjects whose measures fell above and below these cutpoints. Skeletal muscle cutpoints of 5.76-6.75 and < or =5.75 kg/m2 were selected to denote moderate and high physical disability risk in women. The corresponding values in men were 8.51-10.75 and < or =8.50 kg/m2. Compared with women with low-risk skeletal muscle values, women with moderate- and high-risk skeletal muscle values had odds for physical disability of 1.41 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97, 2.04) and 3.31 (95% CI: 1.91, 5.73), respectively. The corresponding odds in men were 3.65 (95% CI: 1.92, 6.94) and 4.71 (95% CI: 2.28, 9.74). This study presents skeletal muscle cutpoints for physical disability risk in older adults. Future applications of these cutpoints include the comparison of morbidity risk in older persons with normal muscle mass and those with sarcopenia, the determination and comparison of sarcopenia prevalences, and the estimation of health-care costs attributable to sarcopenia.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

Changes in dietary intake after diagnosis of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify change in intake of kilocalories, macronutrients, and fruit and vegetable servings after diagnosis of breast cancer, and to correlate these changes with subject characteristics and with self-reported global change in dietary patterns. DESIGN: Food frequency questionnaires were completed by women newly diagnosed with breast cancer shortly after diagnosis. They were asked to recall intake 1 year before diagnosis. Two years after the initial interview another food frequency questionnaire was completed recalling intake during the previous year. At the 2-year follow-up interview women were also asked if they had changed their intake of fruit, vegetables, and fat since diagnosis. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Two hundred sixty New Mexico women with newly diagnosed breast cancer between July 1997 and March 1999. ANALYSIS: Two-year change scores for kilocalories, macronutrients, and fruit and vegetable servings were calculated and tested for difference from zero using paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Subjects' characteristics were related to change in kilocalories and linear regression was used to determine the relative importance of these characteristics. Amount of change in fruit and vegetable servings and fat intake were calculated using food frequency data for women who reported increasing their intake of fruits and vegetables or decreasing their intake of fat after diagnosis. RESULTS: Small but significant decreases in intake of total energy and macronutrients were found 2 years postdiagnosis, with younger women reporting the greatest decreases. Fat as a percentage of diet increased over this period. There was no change in mean intake of fruit and vegetable servings. There is agreement between change as measured by food frequency questionnaire and change reported by more global questions on dietary habits; however, the amount of change measured was small. Women reporting an increase in fruit and vegetable intake postdiagnosis described an increase of one-quarter serving of fruit and one-third serving of vegetables per day. CONCLUSIONS: Breast cancer diagnosis results in modest dietary changes. Small changes in fruit and vegetable consumption suggest that efforts are needed to encourage increased consumption of these foods.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Sarcopenic obesity predicts instrumental activities of daily living disability in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of sarcopenic obesity with the onset of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) disability in a cohort of 451 elderly men and women followed for up to 8 years. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Sarcopenic obesity was defined at study baseline as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by stature squared <7.26 kg/m2 in men and 5.45 kg/m2 in women and percentage body fat greater than the 60th percentile of the study sample (28% body fat in men and 40% in women). Incident disability was defined as a loss of two or more points from baseline score on the IADL. Subjects with disability at baseline (scores < 8) were excluded. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine the association of baseline sarcopenic obesity with onset of IADL disability, controlling for potential confounders. RESULTS: Subjects with sarcopenic obesity at baseline were two to three times more likely to report onset of IADL disability during follow-up than lean sarcopenic or nonsarcopenic obese subjects and those with normal body composition. The relative risk for incident disability in sarcopenic obese subjects was 2.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 5.85), adjusting for age, sex, physical activity level, length of follow-up, and prevalent morbidity. DISCUSSION: This is the first study, to our knowledge, to indicate that sarcopenic obesity is independently associated with and precedes the onset of IADL disability in the community-dwelling elderly. The etiology of sarcopenic obesity is unknown but may include a combination of decreases in anabolic signals and obesity-associated increases in catabolic signals in old age.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2003

Serum leptin levels, bone mineral density and osteoblast alkaline phosphatase activity in elderly men and women.

Although primarily secreted by adipose cells, leptin, a polypeptide hormone that influences body weight, satiety and lipid metabolism, and its receptor are also expressed in human osteoblasts. Leptin plays a role in the central, hypothalamic modulation of bone formation, as well as locally within the skeleton by enhancing differentiation of bone marrow stroma into osteoblasts and inhibiting its differentiation into osteoclasts and adipocytes. The purpose of this investigation was to compare serum leptin values in 100 postmenopausal women (age 62-97) and 31 men (age 72-92) to bone mineral density (BMD) measurements made by dual X-ray absorptiometry and additionally to biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation, including crosslinked collagen N-telopeptides (NTx), aminoterminal extension procollagen propeptides (PINP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bAP). The circulating level of leptin directly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r=0.61-0.78, P<0.001) and was modestly, but significantly and positively associated with bAP activity (r=0.24-0.33, P<0.01) in the sera of men and women after adjustment for BMD, age and BMI. The association of circulating leptin levels with bAP, a specific marker of osteoblast activity suggests that leptin levels influence osteoblast activity in vivo in elderly women and men.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2003

Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and lean body mass in healthy exercising elderly.

BACKGROUND: The decline in muscle mass (sarcopenia) with aging may be related to a decline in mitochondrial function. However, investigators have yet to reach a consensus as to whether a decline in mitochondrial function can be attenuated by physical activity has yet to reach a consensus. METHODS: Using dynamic 31PMRS to measure mitochondrial function, we measured baseline Phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (Pi), phosphodiester (PDE), [ADP], pH and recovery times (t(1/2)) for PCr and [ADP] following exercise, in 45 older (73+/-4 years, SD), and 20 younger subjects (25+/-4 years, SD) who were matched for body mass across high and low activity levels and within age and sex groupings. RESULTS: Baseline PCr, and Pi, were lower, and PDE higher in the older subjects compared to younger subjects (all P<0.01). The t(1/2)(ADP) was longer in older subjects (P<0.001) controlling for age and sex in the low activity group (P=0.02). In the older low activity groups, t(1/2)(PCr) was longer than high activity groups. Higher PDE levels were positively correlated with longer t(1/2)(PCr) in the older low activity females (both P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that mitochondrial function declines with age in healthy, exercising elderly adults and that the decline appears to be influenced by the level of physical activity.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed2003

Impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on serum total homocysteine concentrations, the prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD), and CHD risk factors in the New Mexico Elder Health Survey.

The serum/plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration, now recognized as an independent risk factor for accelerated atherosclerotic disease, is increased in overtly hypothyroid patients, and it decreases with thyroid replacement therapy. Whether or not individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism also increase their tHcy concentrations, and whether this elevation might help to explain the increased prevalence of the atherosclerotic diseases observed in this condition, remains unclear. If individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism have higher tHcy concentrations than euthyroid subjects, there would be added incentive to treat this condition earlier. In this cross-sectional study (New Mexico Elder Health Survey) of a randomly selected sample of Medicare recipients (age > or =65 years), no significant difference in serum tHcy concentrations could be detected between the 112 participants with subclinical hypothyroidism (Groups 2 and 3) and the 643 participants with thyrotropin (TSH) values < or =4.6 microU/mL (Group 1) after adjusting for differences in gender, ethnicity, age, and serum concentrations of folate, vitamin B(12), and creatinine. Only those participants with the highest TSH levels (>10 microU/mL) (Group 3) had a significantly higher prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) when compared against Group 1 participants (p = 0.007). No consistent significant differences in the prevalences of CHD or in the CHD risk factors examined were observed when all participants with subclinical hypothyroidism (Groups 2 and 3 combined) were compared against Group 1 participants.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

The aging hippocampus: cognitive, biochemical and structural findings.

Aging is often accompanied by learning and memory problems, many of which resemble deficits associated with hippocampal damage. Studies of aging in nonhuman animals have demonstrated hippocampus-related memory decline, and point to a possible locus for impairments associated with normal and pathological aging in humans. Two well-characterized hippocampus-dependent tasks in nonhuman animal literature are the Morris water task (MWT) and the transverse patterning discrimination task (TPDT). We employed the virtual MWT and the TPDT to assess hippocampus-dependent cognition in humans. Magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy were employed to measure hippocampal volume and neurochemistry respectively. Age-related deficits were observed in performance on both hippocampus-dependent tasks. This pattern of impairment was accompanied by decreased hippocampal NAA/Cre ratios and volume, both of which imply neuronal loss and/or decrease in neuronal density. Collectively, our results suggest that hippocampus undergoes structural and biochemical changes with normal aging and that these changes may represent an important component of age-related deterioration in hippocampus-dependent cognition.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Serum insulin concentrations in daily drinkers compared with abstainers in the New Mexico elder health survey.

BACKGROUND: Recent epidemiological studies have shown that individuals who ingest alcohol regularly have a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus than those who abstain. The purpose of this study was to compare serum glucose and insulin concentrations between daily drinkers and abstainers stratified by diabetic status (participants with diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, and normal glucose tolerance) to determine if there was a difference in glucose sensitivity (resistance) that might explain the lower prevalence of diabetes in drinkers. METHODS: A cross-sectional community survey was conducted of 883 randomly selected Hispanic and non-Hispanic white men and women, aged >or=65 years, undergoing a home interview and 4-hour interview/examination in a senior health clinic (The New Mexico Elder Health Survey). The interviews included a history of frequency, type, and quantity of alcohol ingested. Serum samples were obtained after an overnight fast and 2 hours after ingestion of 75 grams of glucose for determination of glucose and insulin levels. Height and weight was measured for determination of body mass index. RESULTS: Participants who consumed alcohol daily had significantly lower fasting and 2-hour postglucose serum insulin concentrations compared with those who abstained from alcohol intake, when adjusted using linear logistic regression models for serum glucose concentration, gender, ethnicity, age, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: Abstainers with their relative hyperinsulinemia appear to be more insulin resistant than daily moderate drinkers. This difference in insulin sensitivity may explain the lower prevalence of diabetes in drinkers compared with abstainers observed in various epidemiological studies.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Serum Sex Hormones, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 Exert a Sexually Dimorphic Effect on Lean Body Mass in Aging.

BACKGROUND: Endogenous and exogenous sex hormones affect changes in body composition during aging via independent and dependent effects on the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis and associated binding proteins (BP). METHODS: Fasting serum IGF-1, IGFBP3, testosterone, estrone, and sex hormone binding globulin were analyzed in 48 women on hormone replacement (HRT) (unopposed oral estrogen, HRT+, 74.0 +/- 6 years), 135 women not on HRT (HRT-, 77.3 +/- 7 years), and 128 healthy men (men, ). Total lean body mass (LBM) and total fat were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Total LBM decreased with age in all groups (p = .05). LBM was greater, and IGF-1, IGFBP3, and testosterone were lower in HRT+ versus HRT- women (p = .02, p = .01, p = .04, and, respectively). LBM in men was positively related to IGF-1 (p = .02) and testosterone (p < .01), whereas LBM was associated with IGFBP3 (p = .04) and total fat (p < .001) in female HRT+ and total fat (p < .01) in HRT- women. IGF-1 decreased with age in men and HRT- women (p < .01) but did not decrease in HRT+ women. Total fat significantly decreased across age (p < .05). Controlling for age and HRT, the rate of decrease in fat was slower in men versus women (p = .02). IGFBP3 decreased in all groups across age (p < .01), and the ratio of IGF-1 to IGFBP3 decreased faster in men compared to HRT+ and HRT- women (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate divergent influences of sex steroids, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 on age-related changes in LBM in healthy elderly men and women.

Adipose Tissue↗