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Biomedical subjects

Richard Oliver

Publications and source records attributed to Richard Oliver.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

The effect of a community dental service outreach programme on the confidence of undergraduate students to treat children: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of a community dental service (CDS) outreach teaching programme on undergraduates' confidence to undertake a range of paediatric dental procedures. METHOD: Eighteen final year dental students completed a questionnaire prior to, and following participation in an outreach teaching programme. At each time point, the students were asked to identify how confident they felt to carry out a range of procedures commonly encountered in the treatment of children, employing a Likert scale modified to comprise six points where a rating of 1 represented 'not at all confident' and a rating of 6 'very confident'. RESULTS: The distribution of scores at each time point indicated that students were more confident to carry out each of the listed procedures following participation in the outreach teaching programme than they had been on completion of their paediatric dentistry sessions within the School of Dentistry. At the individual student level, 16 of the 18 students indicated that they were, overall, more confident following their placement than previously. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the long-established CDS outreach teaching programme run by the School of Dentistry, Wales College of Medicine in conjunction with the staff of Cardiff and Vale NHS Trust is a valuable adjunct to undergraduate teaching in paediatric dentistry.

Community Dentistry↗
PubMed2006

Fragile histidine triad expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions.

PURPOSE: Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) expression in precursor oral lesions (POL) and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) was studied with regard to (a) the frequency of loss of FHIT expression, (b) whether loss of FHIT expression correlates with degree of dysplasia in POLs, (c) whether FHIT loss predicts high-risk POLs that are more likely to transform, and (d) whether FHIT loss in OSCCs correlates with survival. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Ninety-four POLs and 86 OSCCs were immunostained for FHIT. Survival analysis was done for cases with validated clinical outcomes. RESULTS: By optimizing the immunostaining protocol, we found that FHIT is expressed in a distinctive strong nuclear and weak cytoplasmic pattern in oral tissues. Loss of FHIT expression was found in 42 of 94 (45%) POLs and in 66 of 86 (77%) OSCCs. We observed a statistically significant positive correlation between frequency of FHIT loss and increasing grade of dysplasia (chi2=13.8; degrees of freedom=4; P=0.008). Loss of FHIT expression in POLs that progressed to malignancy was more frequent than in those that did not [17 of 25 (68%) versus 12 of 29 (41.4%), respectively]. This difference was statistically significant (chi2=3.8; degrees of freedom=1; P=0.046). In OSCCs, loss of FHIT staining indicated a worse prognosis (survival rate, 36.2%) than when positive FHIT staining was observed (survival rate, 50%), but the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.546, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank). CONCLUSIONS: FHIT seems to localize to both nuclear and cytoplasmic domains. FHIT inactivation occurs early in oral carcinogenesis and may be useful molecular marker for progressive dysplastic oral lesions.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed2006

Common facial fractures: 2. management.

UNLABELLED: This, the second of three articles, highlights the management of facial fractures and the GDP's role in this. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: For patients who present to dental practice with facial fractures, it is important that the dentist is able to inform the patient of his/her likely management in hospital.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Common facial fractures: 3. Complications.

UNLABELLED: The final article of three, this paper highlights the complications that may arise either as a direct result of the fracture or the treatment of the fracture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dentists may encounter and sometimes have to manage some of the complications of facial fractures or their treatment.

Facial Bones↗
PubMed2006

Self-treatment using a power drill: a case report.

UNLABELLED: The intense pain of dental origin which patients suffer can be underestimated. This can lead them to self-harm or carry out self-treatment, sometimes with only the rudiments of how to achieve pain relief. A case is reported of a patient who attempted to relieve the intense pressure of an abscess arising in a maxillary cyst by using a home power drill. He drilled through the side of the tooth and drained the abscess but, unfortunately, fractured the drill. This was discovered at operation and meant the tooth had to be extracted. The patient had only received antibiotics prior to this for his abscess, with no drainage being undertaken. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This case highlights the inappropriate use of antibiotics when drainage of an abscess is the correct treatment. It demonstrates the extreme measures some patients may take in order to relieve their symptoms by self-treating themselves physically, in addition to self-prescribed medication.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The presence of multiple regions of homozygous deletion at the CSMD1 locus in oral squamous cell carcinoma question the role of CSMD1 in head and neck carcinogenesis.

We and others previously identified a region of hemizygous or homozygous deletion at chromosome band 8p23 in oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) and many other cancer types, suggesting the presence of a tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) in this region. Recently, based on a single region of homozygous deletion in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), a putative TSG, CUB and sushi multiple domains-1 (CSMD1), has been identified. In the present study, we mapped three OSCC cell lines with previously described homozygous deletions at a high resolution onto a detailed physical map. Critically, this map covered a wider region than that used in previous studies, and in contrast to these studies, our results revealed multiple regions of homozygous deletion within a small interval on 8p23. To investigate this deletion pattern further, we generated a panel of 34 sequence tagged site (STS) markers spanning the region and tested these three cell lines and an additional 34 OSCC cell lines, identifying homozygous deletions in a further four. Combining the results from all seven deleted cell lines identified three non-overlapping regions of homozygous deletion. This complex pattern could be consistent with the presence of multiple TSGs or one very large TSG in this region, and/or specific chromosomal instability. CSMD1 spans two of the three deleted regions and, therefore, would appear to be an excellent candidate for a TSG. However, deletion mapping with STSs corresponding to the exons of CSMD1 shows that some of the deletions do not interrupt its coding region, and in other cell lines the coding region is interrupted by two discontinuous homozygous deletions, suggesting the presence of redundant deletions. These results call into question whether the CSMD1 gene is the 8p23 TSG or whether this or any other genes at this locus are involved in the development of OSCC.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed2002

4.3 Towards a global superstore of quality-assured modularized learning programmes.

Our section's assignment entails exploration of the current challenges to develop criteria for quality assurance of dental e-learning material. Our work has involved comparison of current methods of assessment, the identification of best practice and the formulation of guidelines and criteria for producers and assessors. We anticipate the need for a standing international body responsible for the revision and refinement of guidelines and criteria and that might award a 'Seal of Approval'.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Common facial fractures: 1. Aetiology and presentation.

UNLABELLED: Fractures of the facial bones are common and, in the West, usually occur as a result of interpersonal violence. Patients may attend dentists in the first instance as derangement of occlusion and other oral symptoms are common. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: As patients with facial bone fractures may attend their dentist in the first instance, dentists should be confident in recognizing the signs and symptoms of facial fractures.

Domestic Violence↗