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Biomedical subjects

Richard Rice

Publications and source records attributed to Richard Rice.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Respiratory care continuing education.

The need for continuing education for respiratory therapists as well as other for health care practitioners is well established. The changing nature and increased volume of medical information, along with the rapid growth of technology related to respiratory care, demand that professionals engage in continuing education. Educational activities may be formal lectures or seminars, or self-directed studies, teleconferences, or video presentations. Recent studies indicate that interactive workshops, alone or in combination with other educational methods, are more likely to be effective that didactic lectures alone. Evaluation methods for continuing education programs have focused on attendees' ratings but should be revised to emphasize the impact of the educational program on beneficial changes in practice.

Accreditation↗
PubMed2005

Misperceiving the college drinking norm and related problems: a nationwide study of exposure to prevention information, perceived norms and student alcohol misuse.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined (1) the prevalence of misperceptions of college student drinking norms across campuses nationwide, (2) the importance of perceived norms in predicting high-risk drinking, (3) the association of exposure to alcohol education information with students' perceptions of campus drinking norms and (4) the differences in high-risk drinking rates between schools where exposure to alcohol information is associated with more accurately perceived norms and schools where exposure to information is unrelated to perceptions or is associated with greater misperceptions. METHOD: Multivariate analyses were used to analyze an aggregate database of the National College Health Assessment survey administered to 76,145 students from 130 colleges and universities nationwide from spring 2000 through spring 2003. RESULTS: Regardless of the actual campus drinking norm, a consistently large percentage of students nationwide overestimated the quantity of alcohol consumed by their peers. Students' perception of their campus drinking norm was the strongest predictor of the amount of alcohol personally consumed in comparison with the influence of all demographic variables. Perception of the norm was also a much stronger predictor when compared with the actual campus norm. Reduced levels of high-risk drinking and negative consequences were found among students attending the relatively few schools where exposure to prevention information was associated with less exaggerated perceptions of the drinking norm compared with students attending other schools. CONCLUSIONS: Misperceived drinking norms are a pervasive problem. Schools that do not seek to reduce these misperceptions with their prevention information are neglecting a potentially powerful component of prevention.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Long-term outcomes for patients discharged from a long-term hospital-based weaning unit.

BACKGROUND: Because little attention has been given to the long-term outcomes of patients in hospital-based ventilator weaning units, we undertook this assessment of 5-year outcomes of patients discharged from the Respiratory Special Care Unit (ReSCU) of the Cleveland Clinic Hospital. METHODS: The ReSCU consists of six private beds on a pulmonary specialty ward. Features of the unit include noninvasive monitoring with signal output at each bedside and at a central monitoring station. The unit is staffed by nurses with specific pulmonary rehabilitation expertise and has 24-h respiratory therapist supervision. Ongoing prospective data collection in the ReSCU includes monitoring weaning success, demographic features, hospital discharge status, and hospital discharge disposition. Long-term outcomes were ascertained using a review of hospital medical records and direct inquiry to patients and/or family members. RESULTS: Between August 22, 1993, and August 22, 1996, 162 individuals were admitted to the ReSCU, with 7 persons having repeat admissions during separate hospital admissions. Seventeen percent of these persons (n = 27) died during the hospitalization, while 83% were discharged from the index hospitalization (ie, the hospital stay during which the patient was first admitted to the ReSCU). Kaplan-Meier (KM) mortality rate estimates were as follows: 1 month, 11% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6 to 15%); 1 year, 57% (95% CI, 49 to 65%); 2 years, 68% (95% CI, 61 to 75%); 3 years, 73% (95% CI, 66 to 80%); 4 years, 76% (95% CI, 69 to 83%); and 5 years, 81% (95% CI, 75 to 87%). The 5-year KM mortality rate estimates considered by year of ReSCU admission were as follows: 1993, 92% (95% CI, 77 to 100%); 1994, 84% (95% CI, 73 to 95%); 1995, 87% (95% CI, 77 to 96%); and through August 22, 1996, 66% (95% CI, 51 to 81%). CONCLUSIONS: In this population requiring prolonged inpatient ventilatory support, moderately high acute mortality rates are consistent with data from other series. In this analysis of longer-term follow-up rates, the 5-year survival rates are low, with higher mortality rates within the first 2 years and a slower decline in survival thereafter.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Determination of active concentrations and association and dissociation rate constants of interacting biomolecules: an analytical solution to the theory for kinetic and mass transport limitations in biosensor technology and its experimental verification.

Accurate determination of kinetic rate constants for interacting biomolecules requires knowledge of the active concentrations of the participating molecules. Also, in other biomedical and clinical applications, sensitive, precise and accurate methods are needed to determine the concentration of biologically active molecules, which frequently constitute only a fraction of the total molecular pool. Here we report a novel development of the approach to determining active concentrations based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology. The method relies on changes in binding rates with varying flow rates under conditions of partial mass transport, and does not require standards of known concentrations, given that the molecular mass of the molecule of interest is known. We introduce an analytical solution to the differential equations describing the formation of a 1:1 bimolecular complex, taking into account both the association and dissociation reactions, under partial mass transport limitations. This solution can be used in global fitting to binding curves obtained at different flow rates. The accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of this approach were determined in experiments involving binding of tyrosine-phosphorylated recombinant proteins to anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, where the active concentration could be determined independently by in vitro phosphorylation with (33)P. There was an excellent agreement between the active concentrations determined by the analytical SPR-based method and by determination of the level of radioactivity of the phosphorylated protein. The SPR-based method allows determination of protein concentrations at picomolar levels. A procedure for accurate determinations of association and dissociation rate constants, based on the analytical solution of the mass transport and binding theory, is outlined.

Antigens, CD↗