Biomedical subjects

Riva Tauman

Publications and source records attributed to Riva Tauman.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

[Obstructive sleep apnea in children--pathophysiology update].

The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common and potentially serious problem during childhood. Airway obstruction during sleep may occur due to narrowed bony passages in conditions such as congenital craniofacial anomalies or in the collapsible segments of the upper airways (naso/hypo pharynx). Adenotonsillar hypertrophy has been considered as the main and most important causative factor for OSAS in the pediatric population. However, adenotonsillar hypertrophy is not the sole cause for this syndrome. Normal infants and children have relatively narrowed upper airways. They maintain airway patency during sleep by increasing the upper airway neuromotor tone and adjusting central ventilatory drive. Recent studies suggest that childhood OSAS is a dynamic process resulting from a combination of structural and neuromotor abnormalities, rather than from structural abnormalities alone. Genetic factors have also been suggested. This review delineates the current concepts of the pathophysiology of OSAS in infants and children.

Child↗

PubMed2002

Continuous renal replacement therapy for non-renal indications: experience in children.

BACKGROUND: The role of continuous renal replacement therapy in patients with acute renal failure is well recognized. CRRT has also become an important modality of treatment in various acute situations without renal failure. OBJECTIVES: To describe our experience with CRRT in acutely ill infants and children without renal failure. METHODS: We analyzed all infants and children who underwent CRRT during the years 1998-2000 in the pediatric intensive care unit and we focus our report on those who were treated for non-renal indications. RESULTS: Fourteen children underwent 16 sessions of CRRT. The indications for CRRT were non-renal in 7 patients (age range 8 days to 16 years, median = 6.5). Three children were comatose from maple syrup urine disease, three were in intractable circulatory failure secondary to septic shock or systemic inflammatory response, and one had sepsis with persistent lactic acidosis and hypernatremia. Three children underwent continuous hemodiafiltration and four had continuous hemofiltration. The mean length of the procedure was 35 +/- 24 hours. All patients responded to treatment within a short period (2-4 hours). No significant complications were observed. Two patients experienced mild hypothermia (34 degrees C), one had transient hypotension and one had an occlusion of the cannula requiring replacement. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that CRRT is a safe and simple procedure with a potential major therapeutic value for treating acute non-renal diseases in the intensive care setting.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Melatonin in children and adolescents with insomnia: a retrospective study.

Effectiveness and tolerability of melatonin was assessed in 32 children (mean age 9.6 +/- 4.5 years) with chronic sleep initiation and sleep maintenance problems treated naturalistically in a pediatric sleep medicine center. Children received melatonin for an average of 2.1 +/- 2.0 months at a final average dose of 2.0 +/- 1.2 mg administered 1 hour before bedtime. Twenty-nine (90.6%) children exhibited partial improvement to complete resolution of their sleep problems as measured by sleep latency time and number of awakenings reported by parents. Thus, melatonin may be effective, safe, and well tolerated in the treatment of chronic insomnia in children.

Administration, Oral↗