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Biomedical subjects

Robert G Hosey

Publications and source records attributed to Robert G Hosey.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Outcomes of a weight-bearing rehabilitation program for patients diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a weight-bearing rehabilitation program on quadriceps and gluteus medius electromyographic activity, pain, and function in subjects diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). DESIGN: Pretest and posttest 6-week intervention study. SETTING: Musculoskeletal research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Fourteen subjects diagnosed with PFPS and 14 healthy control subjects volunteered to participate in this study. No subjects withdrew from the study because of adverse effects. INTERVENTION: Subjects diagnosed with PFPS participated in a 6-week rehabilitation program. The rehabilitation program consisted of weight-bearing exercises that focused on strengthening the quadriceps and hip abductor musculature. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Electromyographic onsets of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis and onset and duration of the gluteus medius were collected during a stair-stepping task that was performed during the pretest and posttest. A visual analog scale (VAS) and Functional Index Questionnaire (FIQ) were administered at pretest and posttest and each week of the intervention. RESULTS: Vastus lateralis and VMO onset timing differences (vastus lateralis electromyographic onset minus VMO electromyographic onset) and VAS and FIQ scores significantly improved for patients diagnosed with PFPS. Vastus lateralis and VMO onset timing in the PFPS group were significantly different from those in the control group at baseline and were not significantly different from the control group after the intervention. We did not find differences in gluteus medius onsets or duration of activity. CONCLUSIONS: Subjects diagnosed with PFPS responded favorably and quickly to a therapeutic exercise program that incorporated quadriceps and hip musculature strengthening. The efficacy of the therapeutic exercise program used in this study should be further investigated in a larger subject population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Nitric oxide therapy: fact or fiction?

Nitric oxide (NO) has been the topic of many studies regarding its therapeutic benefit in patients with cardiac disease. Recent studies are now revealing potential advantages for healthy individuals and endurance athletes. This article discusses current research focused on NO augmentation in relation to muscular strength and endurance. Arginine, an NO precursor, has been more extensively studied as a supplement for performance enhancement. Its role in cardiovascular endurance and strength training is assessed in individuals with various athletic backgrounds. The therapeutic role of NO in the treatment of tendinopathies is also reviewed.

Arginine↗
PubMed2005

Ergogenic aids: an update on ephedra.

Ephedra has been used medicinally for thousands of years dating back to ancient Chinese medicine. Since its introduction to Western medicine in the 20th century, ephedra has been used for various ailments. The amphetamine-like activity of ephedra made it a popular supplement for promotion of weight loss and enhancement of athletic performance, despite limited supporting data. With the implementation of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) regulation of ephedra-containing supplements diminished. As these products became increasingly available, adverse effects associated with their use also increased. These adverse effects are mainly a result of ephedra's sympathomimetic activity and have been manifested by premature cardiovascular and central nervous system disease. With mounting evidence concerning the unsafe nature of these products, the FDA was able to ban the sale of ephedra-containing dietary supplements in April of 2004.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Training room management of medical conditions: infectious diseases.

Management of infectious diseases in athletes encompasses a wide range of pathogens, clinical presentations, and treatment options. Certain athletic activities and training regimens may predispose athletes to increased risk of contracting infectious diseases, some of which may limit athletic participation and pose the threat of significant morbidity. The sports medicine physician plays an important role as a first line of defense in preventing, recognizing, and appropriately treating infectious diseases in athletes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Medical aspects of sports: epidemiology of injuries, preparticipation physical examination, and drugs in sports.

The epidemiology of sports injuries helps identify the necessity for medical event coverage, injury risk factors, and potential prevention strategies. The preparticipation examination provides an opportunity for the team physician to identify athletes at risk of injury, to teach injury prevention, and to address athlete wellness. Knowledge of performance-enhancing drugs, nutritional supplements,and banned and legal medications is critical in caring for athletes.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Medial and lateral collateral injuries: prognosis and treatment.

This article presents a comprehensive review of medial and lateral knee ligament injuries. It reviews the basic anatomy, physical examination, imaging techniques, and current treatment of medial and lateral knee injuries. It includes a step-by-step guide to proper physical examination of the knee as well as MRI images. Current treatment of medial and lateral knee injuries is extensively reviewed to aid the primary care physician in diagnosis and provision of care.

Humans↗
PubMed2004

Soft-tissue injuries of the lower extremity.

A diverse set of conditions affect the lower extremities in athletes. Good history taking and knowledge of the anatomy of the affected areas can aid in accurate diagnosis. Most conditions can be treated conservatively with great success. Familiarity with rehabilitation strategies can assist physicians in working with physical therapists. New advances, especially in the therapy of plantar fasciitis, may aid physicians in more rapid treatment of conditions of overuse. Surgery can provide definitive relief from symptoms for athletes with whom conservative measures have failed.

Fasciitis, Plantar↗
PubMed2004

The ergogenics of fluid and electrolyte balance.

Fluid and electrolyte balance within a fairly narrow range is a requirement for human life. Athletes, particularly endurance athletes, routinely stress their bodies to the point of altering fluid and electrolyte levels. In some cases, significant fluctuations can lead to deterioration in performance and even the athlete's health. The body's physiologic response to such fluctuations of fluid and electrolyte levels is complex and not completely understood. This article examines how the body copes with changes in fluid and electrolyte balance and how these changes may be minimized via replacement to sustain athletic performance.

Body Temperature Regulation↗
PubMed2003

Sudden cardiac death.

Sudden cardiac death is a rare but devastating event. The majority of cases in young athletes are caused by congenital cardiac abnormalities that are routinely clinically silent before causing sudden death. An optimal screening practice to help identify underlying asymptomatic cardiac abnormalities has met with much debate. Beyond the American Heart Association's recommendations for cardiovascular screening guidelines for the preparticipation physical examination [47], there are conflicting views regarding the use of more advanced diagnostic screening tests. Athletes in whom a potentially life-threatening cardiovascular abnormality is found face the probability of being restricted from participating in certain types of athletic activity. Participation guidelines for athletes with cardiovascular disease are detailed in the recommendations of the 26th Bethesda Conference [36]. Future goals should continue to focus on the prevention of SCD. The development of a cost-effective screening process that incorporates the use of echocardiography, although having its own set of inherent limitations, may prove to be the most viable option.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed2003

High-speed video analysis of head-first and feet-first sliding techniques in collegiate baseball players.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the method of sliding that propels the baseball athlete to the desired base in the shortest amount of time. To assess the athlete's perception of the quickest, safest, and preferred sliding technique. DESIGN: A single occasion with repeated measures design was used. The independent variable was slide type, and the dependent variable was time. SETTING: The study was conducted in October 2000 at the University of Kentucky baseball complex. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty collegiate baseball players. INTERVENTIONS: High-speed video (to 1/200th of second) analysis of 20 collegiate baseball players performing 3 trials each of both head-first and feet-first sliding techniques. Additionally, each participant was asked to complete a sliding survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The videotape of each slide performed was reviewed separately (using the same viewing equipment) by 2 of the study investigators. Slide type and time were recorded for each slide. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between head-first versus feet-first slide times (P = 0.357). The average time for feet-first slides was 3.67 seconds, while that for head-first was 3.65 seconds. Sixty-eight percent of the players felt that head-first slides were faster than feet-first slides. Seventy-four percent identified the feet-first slide as the technique they most used, while 90% of the athletes perceived the feet-first technique to be safer. CONCLUSIONS: On average, head-first and feet-first sliding techniques employed at the end aspect of base running propel the baseball player to the base in similar times. The head-first sliding technique is perceived to be faster and more dangerous.

Adult↗