Introduction. Contraception is an extremely important consideration.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to Robert P Navarro.
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A comprehensive literature review was conducted to compare the cost effectiveness of controller therapies for the treatment of persistent asthma. Health economic evaluations of asthma controllers demonstrate that inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are more cost effective than as-needed short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonists and alternative controller therapies in children and adults. Moreover, combination therapy with an ICS and a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist appears to be cost effective relative to ICSs or leukotriene-receptor antagonists (LTRAs) alone and to ICS/LTRA combination therapy for patients with more severe disease. Even in mild persistent asthma, ICS therapy provides significant clinical improvement at a savings in both direct and indirect costs.
The use of clinical guidelines for the management of asthma can help improve patient outcomes and control costs. This article explores ways that managed care organizations can encourage physicians to follow guidelines more consistently to achieve better asthma management outcomes among their patients and reduce healthcare spending.
Oral dosage forms are the most common mode of drug delivery in most disease areas. However, cancer therapy is associated predominately with intravenous (IV) chemotherapy. Interest in oral anticancer drugs is growing because they may reduce costs and improve patient satisfaction. Continued research comparing oral with IV drug therapy will increase physician and patient confidence in oral therapy. Medicare must expand its coverage to include legitimate oral chemotherapy, and coverage rules must be clearly communicated to physicians. The adoption of appropriate oral chemotherapy reimbursement standards will probably prompt the pharmaceutical industry to continue research and development of oral dosage forms. Oral therapy can potentially reduce resource utilization and health care system costs, improve drug safety, and enhance patient satisfaction.
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