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Biomedical subjects

Roger Watson

Publications and source records attributed to Roger Watson.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Employment transitions for older nurses: a qualitative study.

AIM: This paper aims to explore the influences on employment related decision making in respect of nurses over 50 in the United Kingdom. It investigates the retirement and labour market relationship through the diverse experiences of older nurses and stakeholders in nursing. BACKGROUND: The ageing of the United Kingdom nursing workforce constitutes a potential challenge for the National Health Services. There is evidence of increasing efforts to address this issue by encouraging older nurses to remain in the profession, dissuading early retirement and attracting nurses who have retired to return to nursing. However, decision-making by older nurses is influenced by a wide spectrum of factors and perceived employment options. BACKGROUND: The paper is based on research commissioned by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation as part of its Transitions Over 50 programme. It derives from concern about inadequate knowledge of, and under-developed policy responses to, the ageing United Kingdom workforce and the specific implications of this age shift for the nursing labour market. The research consisted of interviews with nurses over 50 and key stakeholders in nursing in the United Kingdom. Stakeholders included employers, advisers and policy makers in nursing. METHOD: Interviews with older nurses and stakeholders in nursing were conducted over a period of 12 months. They included face-to-face and telephone semi-structured interviews with 84 nurses over 50 and 18 key stakeholders in nursing in the United Kingdom. Stakeholders included employers, advisers and policy-makers. FINDINGS: Employers, policy makers and advisers and older nurses all identified a range of influences on nurses' employment decisions including a lack of flexible hours, the stress of work, pension-related expectations and the pace of change. Some of these related to negative aspects of work that led nurses to leave ('push' factors), and others to the presence of positive factors in nursing or in pension options ('pull' factors). CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the need for increased implementation of more flexible hours of work and greater availability of part-time hours for older nurses. It revealed the salience of improved pay, adequate and flexible pensions provision, and opportunities for continued professional development to the recruitment and retention of older nurses.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Temperature-dependent modification and activation of B-MYB: implications for cell survival.

B-MYB is a ubiquitous transcription factor with an essential role in mouse development. Because cells with a disrupted B-MYB gene cannot be obtained, it is still unknown what is the critical function(s) exerted by B-MYB in mammalian cells. In this study we have observed that reducing B-MYB expression in primary human fibroblasts by using RNA interference results in a partial block of the cells in the G(2) phase of the cell cycle and cell death. Surprisingly, suppressing B-MYB transcriptional activity with a dominant-negative molecule is without effect, suggesting that its transactivating function is not essential. Only human or murine fibroblasts exposed to high temperature are sensitized to cell death in the presence of dominant-negative B-MYB. This correlates with temperature-dependent binding of endogenous B-MYB to transcriptional regulatory elements of the stress-related gene ApoJ/clusterin. We find that regulation of ApoJ/clusterin by B-MYB is a pro-survival response to thermal stress. Thus, B-MYB is regulated by temperature to activate genes required for cell survival.

Cell Cycle Proteins↗
PubMed2004

NHS cadet schemes: student experience, commitment, job satisfaction and job stress.

In the context of various policy initiatives concerning widening access to and strengthening recruitment and retention in the health services, cadet schemes--predominantly in nursing--have proliferated over the last few years. As part of a larger national evaluation of National Health Service (NHS) cadet schemes, this paper reports on a survey of senior cadet students across 62 cadet schemes in England and examines their experience of being a cadet on such a scheme. Cadets forming the most senior cohort from each of the 62 schemes (n = 596) were surveyed using a questionnaire. The questionnaire included self-rated measures of job satisfaction, job stress and commitment. A 5% sample of these cadets participated in follow-up telephone interviews. Cadets reported high satisfaction with their courses. One of the most positive aspects of the schemes was the first-hand experience of working in the NHS they provided, whilst also giving cadets the opportunity to gain recognisable skills and qualifications. Cadets scored highly on the job satisfaction scale and, on the job stress scale, showed low stress overall. A significant positive correlation was found between satisfaction and stress, indicating that the cadets who are most satisfied are also more highly stressed. A negative correlation was found between stress and the dimensions of commitment indicating that those cadets who are stressed are less committed to the NHS. A negative correlation was also found between satisfaction and the dimensions of commitment, suggesting that commitment to the NHS is not contingent on high satisfaction. The implications for the findings of the survey are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Prison health care: a review of the literature.

The prison population is increasing and the health problems of prisoners are considerable. Prison is designed with punishment, correction and rehabilitation to the community in mind and these goals may conflict with the aims of health care. A literature review showed that the main issues in prison health care are mental health, substance abuse and communicable diseases. Women prisoners and older prisoners have needs which are distinct from other prisoners. Health promotion and the health of the community outside prisons are desirable aims of prison health care. The delivery of effective health care to prisoners is dependent upon partnership between health and prison services and telemedicine is one possible mode of delivery.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2004

Involving older people in intermediate care.

BACKGROUND: Intermediate care has become a crucial part of the United Kingdom government's programme for improving services for older people. Older people comprise a substantial part of the user base for these services, and it is increasingly recognized that there is a need for greater user involvement in service development for intermediate care. National initiatives undertaken in intermediate care have sought to widen and deepen the remit of such services, and in this way promote greater independence and improved quality of care for older people. In particular, the government has set out clear plans for reshaping services for older people in the National Health Service Plan and the rationale for greater involvement of older people in service development. This article considers ways in which these national and local objectives may be achieved and considers some of the implications for nursing. AIM: This paper aims to explore the concept of intermediate care and to identify trends and existing evidence of user involvement in care. In this way it charts a possible way forward for the development of a more 'user sensitive' approach. METHOD: The following databases were searched: Medline, Cochrane Library, the Social Science Citation Index and CINAHL. Key words were 'intermediate care', 'older people', 'formal care', 'primary care', 'social services' and 'geriatrics', used in combination. FINDINGS: The findings from this study indicate that there is considerable scope for increased user involvement in service development for intermediate care. Such challenges may be more effectively met through greater clarity of the concept of intermediate care, and a bridging of user involvement at the practice and policy levels. Nurses are key providers of intermediate care in the community. CONCLUSIONS: The involvement of older people in intermediate care service development must be premised on a shared comprehension of the purpose and function of intermediate care. Nurses must be involved in shifting intermediate care from being service-focused to patient-centred. Effective participation eschews the application of global constructs for older people, while supporting greater participation at all levels and robust implementation processes.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Older community nurses: perspectives and prospects.

In common with the nursing workforces of the developed world, the NHS nursing workforce is ageing. Community nurses, in particular, tend to be older than their acute counterparts and this ageing could have a greater impact on this section of the workforce than on nurses in other sectors. This article reports on a study into the options, decisions and outcomes for nurses over the age of 50 years in the NHS. The study was funded by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation as part of a larger programme of work. Older nurses are a valuable part of the NHS workforce, being a repository of skill and wisdom. While this is generally recognized, and there are policies to support this, there is little recognition or action within the NHS. This study found that older nurses would like to see greater flexibility being shown towards them, in terms of their working hours and conditions of work, without harming their pension prospects. They would like to see return to practice courses and continuing professional development more geared towards their needs. Furthermore, they would like more information about their options. The article includes the experiences of some older nurses working in the community who remain, have left or have returned to the NHS.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Perceptions of nursing: a study involving nurses, nursing students, patients and non-nursing students.

This paper describes a study of perceptions of nursing by nursing students, qualified nurses (United Kingdom and Spain), patients and non-nursing students. A survey method was used with a longitudinal panel element incorporating a 35-item version of the Nursing Dimensions Inventory translated into Spanish. Data were analysed using principal component analysis, congruence analysis, Mokken scaling, correlation, ANOVA, t-test and Cronbach's alpha. Patients may perceive nursing differently from nursing students, nurses (in the UK and Spain) and non-nurses. These findings are discussed in the context of nurse education and patient care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Poorly served? Eating and dementia.

BACKGROUND: People with dementia encounter problems in eating and these have been reported in various studies. Many of these studies focus on individual difficulties and neglect the social, environmental and cultural aspects of meals and eating. Studies often centre on the problems of providing food instead of the experience of those receiving food. Less is known of the perspectives of family carers and residential or domiciliary care staff than of nurses' perceptions. Only recently are the perspectives of family carers and people with dementia joining nurses' discussions. AIM: The present paper considers feeding and eating in the context of enhancing support of life for people with dementia. Drawing on a range of literature, it highlights themes that are well developed and aims to identify areas of little knowledge and potential investigation. CONCLUSIONS: In the United Kingdom, the areas of feeding and eating are likely to assume greater importance in attempts to promote rehabilitation, in moves to offer training to unqualified staff and in enhanced vigilance of the experience of people with dementia. Their problems with respect to food and its consumption need to be interrogated and informed by interventions that are ethical, socially inclusive and acknowledge the importance of food to well-being.

Aged↗