PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Rohit Saxena

Publications and source records attributed to Rohit Saxena.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The efficacy of postenucleation saline wash and the effect of different antimicrobial agents on microbial contamination of donor eyes.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of postenucleation saline wash and the effect of different antimicrobial agents on the microbial contamination of donor eyes. METHODS: Two hundred donor eyes were given saline wash and treated with any one of the following 5 randomly selected antimicrobial solutions: 1% povidone-iodine for 3 min, 0.3% gentamycin for 10 min, 0.3% ciprofloxacin for 10 min, a combination of neomycin 1,700 IU, gramicidin 0.025% and polymyxin B 5,000 IU (Neosporin(R)) for 10 min and a combination of 0.3% amikacin for 10 min, followed by 2.5% cefazolin for 10 min. Limbal swabs were sent for culture before and after saline wash and after treatment with antimicrobial agents. RESULTS: On culture of the pretreatment swabs, 77.5% were positive for growth with 75.5% bacterial and 11.5% fungal. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (29.1%) was the most common bacterial contamination followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18.5%), Acinetobacter sp. (18.5%) and Alcaligenes faecalis (13.2%). A 20-ml sterile saline wash resulted in a 20% decrease (p < 0.01) in the amount of contamination. The maximum antimicrobial effect with regard to bacterial decontamination was achieved with povidone-iodine (64% decrease in the amount of contamination, p < 0.01) followed by ciprofloxacin (47.6% decrease, p < 0.05), the combination of cefazolin and amikacin (42.5%, p < 0.05), Neosporin (38.5%, p < 0.05) and then gentamycin (21.7%, p = NS). CONCLUSIONS: A thorough saline wash and treatment with 1% povidone-iodine for 3 min is a more effective method for the decontamination of donor eyes as compared to most currently available and frequently used antibiotics.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Modified flexible iris retractor to retract superior iris and support inferior capsule in eyes with iris coloboma and inferior zonular deficiency.

Flexible nylon iris retractors are a useful adjunct to cataract surgery in cases of small pupil and subluxated lenses. A modification is presented of the standard application of iris hooks to retract the superior iris and support the inferior capsule during phacoemulsification in cases of iris coloboma with inferior zonular deficiency. Three iris hooks are applied to retract the iris, and 2 iris hooks are applied to the inferior capsule margin to support the crystalline lens in that quadrant. Clear corneal temporal phacoemulsification is then performed with adequate pupillary diameter and capsular support.

Coloboma↗
PubMed2006

Use of the Unfolder Silver/Sapphire system to inject capsular tension ring during phacoemulsification in cases with subluxated cataract.

Capsular tension rings (CTRs) have proved to be useful devices in cataract surgery in cases of zonular weakness and dialysis. They can be inserted with the help of forceps or commercially available injection systems. We describe use of the Unfolder Silver/Sapphire Series implantation system (Advanced Medical Optics, Inc.) to inject a CTR into the capsular bag during phacoemulsification in cases with subluxated cataract. The implantation system used for CTR insertion can subsequently be used for implantation of a foldable intraocular lens.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMed2006

Precaruncular periosteal anchor of medial rectus, a new technique in the management of complete external third nerve palsy.

Management of complete external third nerve palsy is a challenge to a strabismologist; as four of six extra-ocular muscles are affected, it leaves eye in fixed hypotropic and exotropic position (Srivastava et al., 2004). Although numerous surgical procedures have been described, none has been found to be ideal for all cases. Horizontal supramaximal recession-resection procedure may work in cases having some function of medial rectus (Harley, 1980). In cases of complete external palsy, anchoring of globe to periosteum of medial orbital wall using different structures has been described (Villasenor Solares et al., 2000; Bicas, 1991; Salazar-Leon et al., 1998), as recession-resection may result in large residual deviation and/or eye drifts back to abducted position due to unopposed lateral rectus action (Von Noorder, 1996). These anchoring procedures are with associated problems of skin incision, thigh surgery or loss of superior oblique function (Villasenor Solares et al., 2000; Bicas, 1991; Salazar-Leon et al., 1998). We describe a new and safe technique for management of complete external third nerve palsy by anchoring insertion of medial rectus to medial wall periosteum, posterior to posterior lacrimal crest, along with supra maximal recession of lateral rectus.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Topography and fluorescein angiography of the optic nerve head in primary open-angle and chronic primary angle closure glaucoma.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to correlate optic nerve head topography with fluorescein angiography of the optic nerve head in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), chronic primary angle closure glaucoma (CPACG), and normal controls. METHODS: This was an institution-based, cross-sectional, case-control study of 30 consecutive patients each with POAG or CPACG, which were compared with 30 age- and sex-matched controls. The fluorescein angiograms undertaken in one eye of each of the 90 subjects were then analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS: The mean age of controls (group 1) was 51.73 +/- 9.6 years, patients with CPACG (group II) was 53.26 +/- 9.5 years, and patients with POAG (group III) was 54.5 +/- 10.4 years. The mean deviation and corrected pattern standard deviation on Humphrey visual field analyzer, respectively, were -1.51 +/- 2.01 dB and 2.09 +/- 1.04 dB the in control group, -9.4 +/- 9.3 dB and 5.32 +/- 4.02 dB in the CPACG group, and -11.27 +/- 7.7 dB and 7.57 +/- 5.34 dB in the POAG group. There was no significant difference in the disc areas between the three groups (analysis of variance [ANOVA], p = 0.157). All circulatory parameters were delayed in both glaucoma groups compared with controls with the disc filling time (ANOVA, p = 0.001) and the choroidal filling time being significantly delayed (ANOVA, p = 0.006). The Moorfield regression analysis showed good correlation with the pattern of disc fluorescence in all quadrants in cases of CPACG and POAG. CONCLUSION: The optic nerve head and choroidal circulation was delayed in both patients with POAG and those with CPACG, which correlates with loss of neuroretinal rim and retinal nerve fiber layer on the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT). Patients with POAG showed diffuse damage with significant rim loss, whereas patients with CPACG showed marked sectorial abnormalities (superotemporal and the inferior-temporal) on fluorescein angiography and HRT. One possible reason for this discrepancy could be sectorial ischemia occurring in cases of CPACG as a result of a sudden rise of intraocular pressure causing disc and visual field damage.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2006

Pontine tuberculoma presenting with horizontal gaze palsy.

A 38-year-old immunocompetent man presented with a horizontal supranuclear gaze palsy as the only neurologic manifestation of a pontine tuberculoma. Although a biopsy of the brain lesion was not performed, it was attributed to tuberculosis because of chest x-ray evidence. The patient was given empirical anti-tuberculous therapy. After one month, the gaze palsy had fully recovered and repeat MRI showed a decrease in the size of the lesion. This is the first reported case of supranuclear gaze palsy without diplopia as a manifestation of a tuberculous brain stem lesion.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed2006

Bilateral dissociated vertical deviation in a case of congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy.

Dissociated vertical deviation (DVD) is an intermittent anomaly of the non-fixing eye. Although association of DVD with sensory visual deprivation owing to congenital or acquired opacities of the ocular media has been reported, its association with congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy (CHED) has not been reported hitherto. We report a case having a bilateral asymmetric DVD, in a know case of bilateral CHED.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2005

Effect of iron on lipid peroxidation, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and bacoside-A content in medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri L.

The effect of Fe was investigated in medicinally important plant, Bacopa monnieri L. and the response on malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) was found different in roots and leaves of the metal treated plants. Iron induced stress was observed as indicated by high level of lipid peroxidation, being more steep increase in leaves than roots. In roots, SOD activity was found to increase in metal treated plants except 80 and 160 microM at 72 h, whereas, it decreased in leaves except 10 and 40 microM after 48 h as compared to their respective controls. Among H2O2 eliminating enzymes, POD activity increased in roots, however, it decreased in leaves except at 10 and 40 microM Fe after 48 h as compared to control. At 24 and 48 h, APX activity and ascorbic acid content followed the similar trend and were found to increase in both parts of the metal treated plants as compared to their respective controls. The level of cysteine content in the roots increased at initial period of exposure; however, no marked change in its content was noticed in leaves. In both roots and leaves, non-protein thiol content was found to increase except at higher metal concentrations at 72 h. The data of proline content have shown significant (p<0.01) increase at 40 microM onwards in both part of the plants after 48 and 72 h. Correlation coefficient was evaluated between metal accumulations with various parameters and also between different antioxidant parameters with MDA. Since the level of bacoside-A (active constituent) content in metal treated plants increases, therefore, it is advisable to assess the biological activity of the plants before using for medicinal purposes, particularly in developing countries.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2005

Bilateral neuro-retinitis following chick embryo cell anti-rabies vaccination--a case report.

BACKGROUND: The Optic nerve is rarely involved after sheep brain anti-rabies vaccination in the form of retrobulbar neuritis or papillitis. Bilateral neuroretinitis after chick embryo cell antirabies vaccination has not been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 56 year old male who developed bilateral neuro-retinitis following three injections of antirabies vaccine prepared from the chick embryo. CONCLUSION: The chick embryo cell antirabies vaccine can cause bilateral neuroretinits which has not been reported previously.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Chromium induced lipid peroxidation in the plants of Pistia stratiotes L.: role of antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes.

In the plant, Pistia stratiotes L., the effect of different concentrations of chromium (0, 10, 40, 80 and 160 microM) applied for 48, 96 and 144 h was assessed by measuring changes in the chlorophyll, protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), cysteine, non-protein thiol, ascorbic acid contents and superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity of the plants. Both in roots and leaves, an increase in MDA content was observed with increase in metal concentration and exposure periods. In roots, the activity of antioxidant enzymes viz. SOD and APX increased at all the concentrations of Cr at 144 h than their controls. The GPX activity of the treated roots increased with increase in Cr concentration at 48 and 96 h of exposures, however, at 144 h its activity was found declined beyond 10 microM Cr. The level of antioxidants in the roots of the treated plant viz. cysteine and ascorbic acid was also found increased at all the concentrations of Cr at 144 h than their respective controls, however, an increase in the non-protein thiol content was recorded up to 40 microM Cr followed by decrease. The chlorophyll content decreased with increase in Cr concentrations and exposure periods. However, the protein content of both roots and leaves were found decreased with increase in Cr concentrations at all the exposure periods except an increase was recorded at 10 microM Cr at 48 h. In Cr treated plants, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) for leaves chlorophyll and protein contents were 40 and 80 microM Cr, respectively after 48 h exposure while NOEC and LOEC for root protein content were 10 and 40 microM, respectively after 48 h. The analysis of correlation coefficient data revealed that the metal accumulation in the roots of the plant was found positively correlated with antioxidant parameters except SOD after 48 h of exposure, however, negatively correlated with most of all the parameters studied at 144 h in both part of the plant. It may be suggested from the present study that toxic concentrations of Cr cause oxidative damage as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and decreased chlorophyll and protein contents. However, the higher levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants suggest the reason for tolerating higher levels of metals.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2005

Profile of amblyopia in a hospital referral practice.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the clinical profile and distribution of different sub-types of amblyopia in a referral eye hospital in India. METHODS: This was a prospective hospital-based observational study, evaluating the clinical profile of patients with amblyopia presenting to a referral strabismology practice. The examination included assessment of the visual acuity, the refractive status, the fixation pattern, the grade of binocularity, and evaluation of the associated strabismus, if any before treatment was started. RESULTS: The average age of the patients at presentation was 7.97?6.18 years with 81 out of 683 patients (11.8%) presenting above the age of 20 years. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was less than 6/60 in the amblyopic eye in 121 out of 733 eyes (16.5%). Strabismic amblyopia was the most common sub-type of amblyopia seen (274/733 eyes, 37.38%). Though patients with anisometropic amblyopia presented at a later age (average of 10.03+/-6.92 years), they had better visual acuity, binocular functions, and centricity of fixation at all ages, relative to other sub-types of amblyopia. The BCVA did not show any co-relation with the age of presentation [co-relation co-efficient (CF) of 0.074], refractive status of the amblyopic eye (CF of 0.078), the type of amblyopia (CF of 0.196), or the type of strabismus present (CF of 0.079). However, a very significant co-relation was seen between the BCVA and the fixation pattern of the amblyopic eye (CF of 0.817). CONCLUSIONS: Lack of knowledge and awareness about amblyopia and its appropriate timely management has been the main cause for the late presentations and significant visual impairment associated with the condition.

Adolescent↗