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Biomedical subjects

Roland Glauser

Publications and source records attributed to Roland Glauser.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

A systematic review of marginal soft tissue at implants subjected to immediate loading or immediate restoration.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this systematic review was to critically evaluate marginal soft-tissue aspects at implants subjected to immediate loading or immediate restoration. METHODS: An electronic Medline search from 1966 up to August 2005 was conducted to identify prospective and retrospective studies on immediate implant loading. The search strategy was complemented by hand searching in peer-reviewed journals. Studies reporting on soft-tissue aspects at implants subjected to immediate loading or immediate restoration and with a follow-up time of at least 1 year were included. Assessment of identified studies and data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers. An attempt was made to isolate and categorize studies with similar protocols in order to identify trends and relevant factors. Variables that were considered included marginal and interproximal soft-tissue stability, marginal plaque accumulation, probing depth, bleeding on probing, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. RESULTS: From an initial yield of 581 titles, 240 articles were selected for text analysis, finally resulting in 17 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Six studies on immediate implant loading or restoration were controlled studies, whereas the remainder was prospective case series. Seven studies reported on a 1-year data, and the longest follow-up within the included studies was 4 years. The total number of patients treated within the 17 studies was 432 including a total 706 implants studied. Overall, the articles reported on many different procedures and follow-up times, time points and evaluated soft-tissue parameters varied considerably between the different articles. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the evaluated data it can be cautiously concluded that once immediately loaded or restored implants integrate successfully, they appear to show a soft-tissue reaction with regard to periodontal as well as morphologic aspects comparable with those of conventionally loaded implants. However, follow-up periods are generally short, number of patients and/or implants per study are few, and most studies present only limited data on peri-implant soft-tissue evaluation. More accurate long-term studies with a stronger study design (i.e., RCT) reporting more detailed on treatment and follow-up protocols are required to allow for proper comparisons and conclusions.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed2006

Report of a case receiving full-arch rehabilitation in both jaws using immediate implant loading protocols: a 1-year resonance frequency analysis follow-up.

BACKGROUND: Immediate occlusal implant loading has been documented as a viable treatment option for various indications. However, documentations related to full-arch rehabilitation are usually limited to treatment of one jaw at a time, thereby leaving the opposing dentition unchanged. Furthermore, clinical documentation using traditional, well-accepted measuring techniques may not be adequate when it comes to short-term evaluation of the success or failure of implants subjected to immediate occlusal loading. PURPOSE: The purpose of this case report is to (1) present an implant stability follow-up of a patient receiving an immediate, implant-supported full-arch rehabilitation in both jaws and (2) evaluate the patient's acceptance of this rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 68-year-old patient scheduled for implant treatment was selected for an immediate implant loading protocol in both jaws. During two surgical events 3 weeks apart, eight maxillary and four mandibular Brånemark System Mk IV TiUnite fixtures (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were inserted and subsequently used to immediately support a cross-arch fixed prosthesis in the maxilla and a bar-retained overdenture in the mandible. Implant stability was recorded from the day of surgery periodically during a 1-year follow-up using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). RESULTS: At the 1-year follow-up, based on clinical, RFA, and radiographic evaluations, all implants and the reconstructions were classified as successful. All maxillary implants showed a decrease in the implant stability quotient (ISQ) value from the measurement at the time of surgery to the first follow-up, whereas two of four mandibular implants revealed an initial drop in stability. Irrespective of a specific ISQ level measured at implant surgery (ISQ range 53-74) and despite an initial decrease in stability, measurements recorded at the 12-month follow-up indicated similar stability levels for all maxillary implants (ISQ range 64-68) or the group of mandibular implants (ISQ range 72-75) but with a higher ISQ level for mandibular implants. Furthermore, the patient's acceptance of the immediate full-arch rehabilitation in both jaws was high. CONCLUSIONS: The present case report demonstrates that a slightly staged approach for full-arch rehabilitation in both jaws using immediate implant loading protocols is a realistic treatment option. Furthermore, RFA follow-up indicates that immediately occlusally loaded implants placed in reduced bone quality and quantity are more prone to loose stability in the early healing period compared with implants placed in dense bone quality.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

The human bone-oxidized titanium implant interface: A light microscopic, scanning electron microscopic, back-scatter scanning electron microscopic, and energy-dispersive x-ray study of clinically retrieved dental implants.

BACKGROUND: Surface modification of titanium implants by anodic oxidation may lead to enhanced bone integration. For instance, in vivo studies have demonstrated formation of more bone contacts in less time than for turned control implants. In addition, oxidized implants have shown a higher resistance to torque forces, indicating a strong interlock between bone and the oxide layer. However, the structure of the oxidized titanium-bone interface in high resolution is not known. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to analyze the human bone-oxidized titanium interface at a high-resolution level. Of particular interest was the relationship between bone tissue and the pores of the surface oxide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve clinically retrieved implants with an oxidized surface (TiUnite, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were used. Seven were regular dental implants and five were experimental mini-implants and had been subjected to immediate, early, or no loading. They were retrieved after 5 to 9 months of healing and were processed and analyzed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in normal and back-scatter (BS-SEM) modes, and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis techniques. RESULTS: Bone formation was observed to occur from adjacent bone structures toward the implant surface, and it was evident that bone formation had occurred at the implant surface. SEM, BS-SEM, and EDX revealed that mineralized bone had grown into the pores of the surface oxide layer, including pores with small diameters (< 2 microm). CONCLUSIONS: The clinically retrieved oxidized implants showed evidence of bone growth into the pores of the surface oxide layer. The findings indicate the establishment of a strong interlock between the bone and the oxidized titanium implant, which is suggested to be beneficial for clinical performance.

Coated Materials, Biocompatible↗
PubMed2005

Periimplant soft tissue barrier at experimental one-piece mini-implants with different surface topography in humans: A light-microscopic overview and histometric analysis.

BACKGROUND: Following connection to the oral cavity, osseointegrated dental implants and surrounding tissues are exposed to microbiologic and biomechanical challenges. The establishment of a firm functional periimplant soft tissue barrier (PSTB) is considered to be important to protect the implant's interface from invasion of bacteria. The current knowledge on the histologic architecture of the PSTB is mainly based on animal experiments. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to histologically characterize the PSTB formed in humans around experimental one-piece mini-implants with different surface topography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five patients received a total of 12 experimental titanium, one-piece mini-implants with an oxidized (n = 4), an acid-etched (n = 4), or a machined (n = 4) surface distal to therapeutic implants. Following transmucosal healing of 8 weeks and at abutment connection of the regular implants, the mini-implants were harvested with a layer of surrounding hard and soft tissue. The specimens were fixed and processed for histologic sectioning according to standard procedures. The most central bucco-oral section cut in the long axis was used for morphologic analyses of the PSTB. The vertical soft tissue morphology was quantified using histometric measurements. RESULTS: The overall height of the soft tissue, that is, the biologic width, was around 4 to 4.5 mm and consisted of an epithelial and a supracrestal connective tissue barrier. The junctional epithelium established the attachment to the implant surface, whereas the collagen fibers and fibroblasts of the connective tissue seal were oriented parallel to the implant. The epithelial attachment was shorter at the oxidized and acid-etched surfaces compared with the machined surfaces. Accordingly, the oxidized and acid-etched mini-implants exhibited a longer zone of connective tissue seal. CONCLUSION: The periimplant soft tissue formed at the experimental one-piece mini-implants in humans was of a character similar to that described in animal studies. The oxidized and acid-etched implants revealed less epithelial downgrowth and longer connective tissue seal than machined implants.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2005

Immediate occlusal loading of Brånemark System TiUnite implants placed predominantly in soft bone: 4-year results of a prospective clinical study.

BACKGROUND: Immediate occlusal implant loading has been documented as a viable treatment option for various indications. However, most of the available studies reported on the short-term outcome of this treatment modality. PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to document, on a long-term basis, the outcome of immediate occlusally loaded Brånemark System Mk IV TiUnite (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) implants placed to support fixed reconstructions in various regions of the jaws. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients received a total of 51 fixed prosthetic reconstructions, all of which were connected on the day of implant insertion. Twenty restorations replaced single teeth, 30 were fixed partial dentures, and 1 was a full-arch fixed lower restoration. These prostheses were supported by 102 Brånemark System Mk IV TiUnite implants (38 maxillary and 64 mandibular), the majority of which were placed in posterior regions (88%) and mainly in soft bone (76%). Resonance frequency measurements and marginal periimplant soft tissue evaluations were conducted during the course of the study. Furthermore, radiographic examinations were performed at the time of prosthesis delivery and at the 1- and 6-month and 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-year follow-up visits. This report summarizes the results after 4 years of loading. RESULTS: Three maxillary implants were removed, although stable, in one patient at the 8-week follow-up owing to postoperative infection in the adjacent guided bone regeneration area. No implants were lost further on. This resulted in a cumulative implant success rate of 97.1% after 4 years of prosthetic loading. The mean marginal bone remodeling after 4 years of function was 1.3 +/- SD 0.9 mm. At 4 years, absence of marginal plaque and bleeding on probing was reported for 87% and 69% of the sites, respectively, thereby remaining unchanged since the 1-year follow-up. On average, the interproximal soft tissue fill increased for both mesial and distal papillae from scores of 1.4 +/- 1.1 and 1.0 +/- 1.1, respectively, at the preoperative assessment to 2.0 +/- 0.8 and 1.7 +/- 0.8, respectively, at the 4-year assessment. CONCLUSION: The applied immediate loading protocol, in combination with a slightly tapered implant design and a modified implant surface texture, was shown to be a successful treatment alternative in regions exhibiting soft bone.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A computed tomographic scan-derived customized surgical template and fixed prosthesis for flapless surgery and immediate loading of implants in fully edentulous maxillae: a prospective multicenter study.

BACKGROUND: Based on three-dimensional implant planning software for computed tomographic (CT) scan data, customized surgical templates and final dental prostheses could be designed to ensure high precision transfer of the implant treatment planning to the operative field and an immediate rigid splinting of the installed implants, respectively. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to (1) evaluate a concept including a treatment planning procedure based on CT scan images and a prefabricated fixed prosthetic reconstruction for immediate function in upper jaws using a flapless surgical technique and (2) validate the universality of this concept in a prospective multicenter clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutive patients with edentulous maxillae were included. Treatments were performed according to the Teeth-in-an-Hour concept (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden), which includes a CT scan-derived customized surgical template for flapless surgery and a prefabricated prosthetic suprastructure. RESULTS: All patients received their final prosthetic restoration immediately after implant placement, that is, both the surgery and the prosthesis insertion were completed within approximately 1 hour. In the 24 patients followed for 1 year, all prostheses and individual implants were recorded as stable. CONCLUSION: The present prospective multicenter study indicates that the prefabrication, on the basis of models derived from three-dimensional oral implant planning software, of both surgical templates for flapless surgery and dental prostheses for immediate loading is a very reliable treatment option. It is evident that the same approach could be used for staged surgery and in partial edentulism.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Resonance frequency analysis of implants subjected to immediate or early functional occlusal loading. Successful vs. failing implants.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to analyze the development of implant stability by repeated resonance frequency analysis (RFA) measurements during 1 year in 23 patients treated according to an immediate/early-loading protocol. The objective was also to evaluate the possible differences between failing and successful implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-one Brånemark System implants were placed in 23 patients for immediate/early-occlusal loading in all jaw regions. Thirty of the implants were placed in extraction sockets and 62 were subjected to GBR procedures. Apart from clinical and radiographic examinations, the patients were followed with RFA at placement, prosthesis connection and after 1-3, 6 and 12 months. Statistical analyses were carried out to study the possible differences between implants that failed during the study period and implants that remained successful. RESULTS: Nine implants failed (11.2%) during the 1 year of loading. RFA showed a distinct different pattern between the implants that remained stable and the implants that were lost. The implants that failed during the course of the study showed a significantly lower stability already after 1 month. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, it is concluded that failing implants show a continuous decrease of stability until failure. Low RFA levels after 1 and 2 months seem to indicate an increased risk for future failure. This information may be used to avoid implant failure in the future by unloading implants with decreasing degree of stability with time as diagnosed with the RFA technique.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
PubMed2003

Effect of rhBMP-2 on guided bone regeneration in humans.

The aim of the present clinical study was to test whether or not the addition of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to a xenogenic bone substitute mineral (Bio-Oss) will improve guided bone regeneration therapy regarding bone volume, density and maturation. In 11 partially edentulous patients, 34 Brånemark implants were placed at two different sites in the same jaw (five maxillae, six mandibles) requiring lateral ridge augmentation. The bone defects were randomly assigned to test and control treatments: the test and the control defects were both augmented with the xenogenic bone substitute and a resorbable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide). At the test sites, the xenogenic bone substitute mineral was coated with rhBMP-2 in a lyophilization process. Following implant insertion (baseline), the peri-implant bone defect height was measured from the implant shoulder to the first implant-bone contact. After an average healing period of 6 months (SD 0.17, range 5.7-6.2), the residual defects were again measured and trephine burs were used to take 22 bone biopsies from the augmented regions. The healing period was uneventful except for one implant site that showed a wound dehiscence, which spontaneously closed after 4 weeks. Later at reentry, all implants were stable. At baseline, the mean defect height was 7.0 mm (SD 2.67, range 3-12 mm) at test and 5.8 mm (SD 1.81, range 3-8 mm) at control sites. At reentry, the mean defect height decreased to 0.2 mm (SD 0.35, range 0-1 mm) at test sites (corresponding to 96% vertical defect fill) and to 0.4 mm (SD 0.66, range 0-2 mm) at the control site (vertical defect fill of 91%). Reduction in defect height from baseline to reentry for both test and control sites was statistically significant (Wilcoxon P<0.01). Histomorphometric analysis showed an average area density of 37% (SD 11.2, range 23-51%) newly formed bone at test sites and 30% (SD 8.9, range 18-43%) at control sites. The fraction of mineralized bone identified as mature lamellar bone amounted to 76% (SD 14.4, range 47.8-94%) at test compared to 56% (SD 18.3, range 31.6-91.4%) at control sites (paired t-test P<0.05). At BMP-treated sites 57% (SD 16.2, range 29-81%) and at control sites 30% (SD 22.6, range 0-66%) of the surface of the bone substitute particles were in direct contact with newly formed bone (paired t-test P<0.05). It is concluded that the combination of the xenogenic bone substitute mineral with rhBMP-2 can enhance the maturation process of bone regeneration and can increase the graft to bone contact in humans. rhBMP-2 has the potential to predictably improve and accelerate guided bone regeneration therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Immediate occlusal loading of Brånemark TiUnite implants placed predominantly in soft bone: 1-year results of a prospective clinical study.

BACKGROUND: The original Brånemark protocol for dental implant treatment was based on submerged healing prior to loading. However, immediate loading has been reported possible with high success rates for various indications, provided that good bone quality and quantity are present. In many of these studies, machined-surface implants have been used. Recently, a new surface texture has been developed, based on an oxidation processing, that aims to enhance the early bone response (Brånemark System Mk IV TiUnite , Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). It has been documented that this surface texture may help to better maintain primary implant stability during the early healing period and that secondary implant stability can be reached earlier compared with results when using a machined surface. Such a positive influence on implant stability might be an advantage when applying an immediate-loading protocol, especially in soft bone regions where a tendency toward reduced success rates has been reported. PURPOSE: The aim of this report was to present the short-term success rates of TiUnite-surfaced immediate occlusally loaded Brånemark System Mk IV implants placed in various regions of the jaws. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients received a total of 51 prosthetic reconstructions, all of which were connected on the day the implants were inserted. Of these, 20 were single-tooth restorations, 30 were fixed partial dentures, and 1 was a complete fixed lower jaw restoration. These prostheses were supported by 102 Brånemark System Mk IV TiUnite implants (38 maxillary and 64 mandibular), the majority of which were placed in posterior regions (88%) and mainly in soft bone (76%). Cutting resistance measurements were performed during implant insertion, and resonance frequency measurements were conducted during the course of the study. Furthermore, radiographic examinations were performed in connection with the delivery of the prostheses and at the 1-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up visits. This article reports on the results after 1 year of loading. RESULTS: Three maxillary implants were removed, although stable, in one patient at the 8-week follow-up because of postoperative infection in the adjacent area of guided bone regeneration (GBR). This resulted in a cumulative success rate of the implants of 97.1% after 1 year of prosthetic loading. The mean marginal bone resorption after 1 year of loading was 1.2 +/- 0.9 mm (SD). CONCLUSIONS: The applied immediate loading protocol in combination with a slightly tapered implant and a modified implant surface texture was shown to be a successful treatment alternative even in regions exhibiting soft bone.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ceramic implant abutments for short-span FPDs: a prospective 5-year multicenter study.

PURPOSE: A prospective, randomized, controlled 5-year multicenter study evaluated the long-term clinical function of CerAdapt ceramic abutments compared to titanium abutments on Brånemark implants supporting short-span fixed partial dentures (FPD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Initially, 105 Brånemark implants were placed in a total of 32 patients at three different clinics; 103 implants remained after initial healing. Fifty-three ceramic and 50 titanium abutments were connected to support 36 FPDs, 19 on ceramic and 17 on titanium abutments. RESULTS: Thirty patients with 29 FPDs were examined after 5 years. There was a cumulative success rate of 97.2% for FPDs (94.7% for ceramic and 100% for titanium abutment-supported FPDs). One of 53 ceramic and none of 50 titanium abutments failed, giving survival rates of 98.1% and 100%, respectively. There was a mean marginal bone loss of 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively, for ceramic and titanium abutments. Soft tissues around abutments and adjacent teeth appeared healthy, and no significant differences were recorded for mucosal bleeding and plaque between ceramic and titanium abutments. Crown margins at FPD insertion were positioned as follows: 21% submucosally, 33% at the mucosal margin, and 46% supramucosally. Changes in mucosal level were recorded at 12% of the abutments, with 73% of all changes recorded at ceramic abutments. There was a balance between more or less exposed crown margins during the first 2 years, in contrast to the 2- to 5-year period, when all changes meant less exposed margins. CONCLUSION: Safe long-term functional and esthetic results can be achieved with CerAdapt alumina ceramic abutments on Brånemark implants for short-span FPDs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental zirconia abutments for implant-supported single-tooth restorations in esthetically demanding regions: 4-year results of a prospective clinical study.

PURPOSE: This prospective clinical study evaluated an experimental implant abutment made of densely sintered zirconia with respect to peri-implant hard and soft tissue reaction as well as fracture resistance over time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven consecutively treated patients with 54 single-tooth implants were included. Zirconia abutment ingots were individually shaped and set on the implants with gold screws. All-ceramic (Empress I) crowns were cemented using a composite cement. At the 1- and 4-year examinations, reconstructions were evaluated for technical problems (fracture of abutment or crown, loosening of abutment screw). Modified Plaque and simplified Gingival Indices were recorded at implants and neighboring teeth, and peri-implant bone levels were radiographically determined. RESULTS: All but 1 of the 27 patients with 53 restorations could be evaluated at 1 year, and 36 restorations in 18 patients were evaluated 4 years after abutment and crown insertion. The median observation period for the reconstructions was 49.2 months. No abutment fractures occurred. Abutment screw loosening was reported for 2 restorations at 8 months and 27 months, respectively. Mean Plaque Index was 0.4 (SD 0.6) at abutments and 0.5 (SD 0.6) at teeth; mean Gingival Index was 0.7 (SD 0.5) at abutments and 0.9 (SD 0.5) at teeth. Mean marginal bone loss measured 1.2 mm (SD 0.5) after 4 years of functional loading. CONCLUSION: Zirconia abutments offered sufficient stability to support implant-supported single-tooth reconstructions in anterior and premolar regions. The soft and hard tissue reaction toward zirconia was favorable.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Implants in the posterior maxilla: a comparative clinical and radiologic study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate implants placed according to several methods of sinus floor augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients (median age of 62 years, range 23 to 89) had been treated at least 3 years prior to examination with screw-type implants in the posterior maxilla. Depending on the vertical dimension of the residual bone, 1 of 3 surgical procedures had been performed: sinus lift by lateral antrostomy (SL) in 13 patients; osteotome technique (OT) in 18 patients; standard implantation in 17 patients (control). In each patient 1 implant was randomly chosen for analysis (48 implants with a mean observation time of 4.6 +/- 1.4 years). Examination included probing pocket depth (PPD) measurement and radiographic examination. Radiographs were digitized to assess the marginal bone level. Differences between the groups were tested using analysis of variance, the Student t test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Mean PPD was 3.0 mm for the SL, 3.1 mm for OT, and 3.1 mm for control. The mean radiographic bone level was 1.53 mm for SL, 2.40 mm for OT, and 1.96 mm for control. No statistically significant differences were found between the groups for either of these parameters. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Clinical examinations as well as radiographically stable bone levels indicated similar biomechanical conditions for prosthetic restorations when applying the 3 surgical procedures tested.

Adult↗