Perinatal nutrition and gastrointestinal disorders: Working Group report of the second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.
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Biomedical subjects
Ronald E Kleinman
Publications and source records attributed to Ronald E Kleinman.
Nutrition support for pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical report of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology And Nutrition.
Impairment of growth and malnutrition are significant complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in pediatric patients. Since this topic was last reviewed in these pages (), a number of studies have further explored the epidemiology and pathogenesis of these nutritional complications of IBD in an effort to provide more effective interventions to prevent the long-term consequences of chronic nutrient deficiencies in childhood. In addition, during the past 15 years, the use of selected nutrients and microorganisms (probiotics) as primary or adjunctive therapy for the treatment of IBD has become an emerging area of great interest. The following is a Clinical Report from the Nutrition and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Committees of the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition.
Body Height↗
The evolution and implementation of a pediatric computerized order entry system: a case study.
Implementing CPOE is not an easy undertaking. Designing and implementing a pediatric-focused CPOE presented a unique challenge because of the age and weight considerations inherent with a pediatric patient population. Through the experiences involved in an implementation, key elements of a successful implementation include high-level sponsorship, involvement of clinicians up-front in the process, excellent communication and round-the-clock support. When everyone works together with common objectives, milestones are met, and goals are realized.
Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
History of pediatric nutrition and fluid therapy.
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Child↗
Oligofructose-supplemented infant cereal: 2 randomized, blinded, community-based trials in Peruvian infants.
BACKGROUND: Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth of Bifidobacterium and other bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract. Improved gastrointestinal and other health effects have been attributed to them. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with the prebiotic oligofructose with and without zinc on the prevalence of diarrhea in a community with a high burden of gastrointestinal and other infections. DESIGN: Two consecutive randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trials were performed in a shantytown community near Lima, Peru. The first trial compared an infant cereal supplemented with oligofructose (0.55 g/15 g cereal) with nonsupplemented cereal. During the second trial, zinc (1 mg/15 g cereal) was added to both oligofructose-supplemented and control cereals. RESULTS: We enrolled 282 infants in the first trial and 349 in the second. In the first trial, mean (+/- SD) days of diarrhea were 10.3 +/- 9.6 in the nonsupplemented cereal group and 9.8 +/- 11.0 in the prebiotic-supplemented cereal group (P = 0.66). In the second trial, mean days of diarrhea were 10.3 +/- 8.9 in the group consuming cereal fortified only with zinc and 9.5 +/- 8.9 in the group consuming cereal containing both zinc and prebiotics (P = 0.35). Postimmunization titers of antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type B were similar in all groups, as were gains in height, visits to clinic, hospitalizations, and use of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Cereal supplemented with prebiotics was not associated with any change in diarrhea prevalence, use of health care resources, or response to H. influenzae type B immunization. Infants and young children who continue to breast-feed may not benefit from prebiotic supplementation.
Antibodies, Bacterial↗