Biomedical subjects

Ronald J Iannotti

Publications and source records attributed to Ronald J Iannotti.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and diabetes self-management in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

The goal of this research was to develop and evaluate measures of adolescent diabetes management self-efficacy and outcome expectations that reflect developmentally relevant, situation-specific challenges to current diabetes regimens. Self-efficacy for diabetes management, expected outcomes of adherence, adherence to the diabetes regimen, and glycemic control were assessed in 168 adolescents (ages 10-16 years) with type 1 diabetes. Factor analyses indicated a single scale for self-efficacy and two distinct factors representing positive and negative outcome expectations. Reliability and predictive validity of the new scales were supported. In regression analyses, self-efficacy and the interaction of self-efficacy with expectations of positive outcomes were significantly associated with diabetes self-management adherence and glycemic control in older adolescents. The effect of self-efficacy was greatest when adolescents had stronger beliefs in the beneficial outcomes of adherence. These brief measures can be used to identify youths at risk of poor diabetes self-management. Interventions targeting self-efficacy may lead to improved diabetes self-management.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Assessing regimen adherence of adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate two updated measures of diabetes regimen adherence. The Diabetes Self-Management Profile (DSMP) is a widely used, structured interview. Limitations include a substantial interviewer and respondent time burden and the need for well-trained interviewers to use appropriate prompts and score the open-ended responses. The Diabetes Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS) is a self-administered, fixed-choice survey. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Both measures were administered to 146 youth with type 1 diabetes (aged 11-18 years) and their parents. Items were added to the DBRS to allow for both flexible and conventional regimens, and the DSMP was modified to use standardized wording across items, accommodate flexible regimens, and permit administration by nonmedical interviewers. RESULTS: Both measures had good evidence of internal consistency (for the DSMP: parent 0.75 and youth 0.70; for the DBRS: parent 0.84 and youth 0.84). Scores on the DSMP and the DBRS were significantly related (r = 0.72 for parents and 0.74 for youth). There was moderate agreement between parent and youth (DSMP, r = 0.51; DBRS, r = 0.48). The measures were correlated with HbA1c for both parent (DSMP, r = -0.35; DBRS, r = -0.35) and youth (DSMP, r = -0.36; DBRS, r = -0.34) reports. CONCLUSIONS: Both measures exhibit good psychometric properties and good criterion validity but varied in terms of respondent and interviewer burden, issues that should be considered in selecting assessment procedures.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Heart rate monitoring as a measure of physical activity in children.

PURPOSE: Using a larger sample and broader range of activities than most previous investigations of HR monitoring, this study examined the need for individual calibration of the HR-VO2 prediction equation, the effect of including low-intensity activities when establishing the HR-VO2 equation, comparisons of different methods for calculating HR-VO2 prediction equations for maximum energy expenditure (EE) variance, and the effect of these different methods when applied to free-living HR data. METHODS: Forty-three children ages 8 to 12 completed laboratory assessments of the relationship between HR and VO2. Different methods of estimating daily EE were applied to free-living HR data collected from 37 of these children. RESULTS: There was significant individual variation in the HR-VO2 prediction equations. HR monitoring predicted VO2 during low-intensity activities, below most established cut points. Individual differences persisted during both high- and low-intensity activities. Although a HR-VO2 prediction equation generated from the group accounted for 85% of the variance in EE, significant improvements in prediction were achieved with individualized HR-VO2 prediction equations that took into account low-intensity activity levels. CONCLUSION: Generic equations derived from group data may be suitable for some applications. However, for investigators requiring more precision, individual HR-VO2 equations significantly improve prediction.

Child↗

PubMed2003

Health beliefs, salience of breast cancer family history, and involvement with breast cancer issues: adherence to annual mammography screening recommendations.

Involvement in breast cancer (BC) issues, and the degree to which family history of BC influences perceived risk (salience of family history), have been proposed as additions to the Health Belief Model as applied to mammography adherence. Barriers and benefits of mammography, perceived susceptibility, severity, cues to action, salience of family history, and issue involvement with respect to BC were examined in adherent (n=97) and non-adherent (n=213) women. Adherent women with positive family histories reported greater benefits of mammography, greater response to cues to action, and higher salience of family history than women with negative family histories. Non-adherent women with positive family histories reported fewer benefits of mammography and greater issue involvement, and perceived BC as less severe than those with negative family histories. Benefits (OR=1.51), susceptibility (OR=1.41), issue involvement (OR=1.59), severity (OR=0.66), and cues to action (OR=0.75) were significantly associated with adherence. Results have implications for evidence-based interventions.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Message framing and mammography screening: a theory-driven intervention.

Although the rising incidence of breast cancer has prompted a surge of intervention strategies aimed at increasing women's use of mammography screening, the majority of patient-directed interventions have not been driven by relevant theoretical work on persuasive health communication. The authors evaluated an intervention derived from prospect theory that was designed to increase women's adherence to recommendations for annual mammography screening. They sent 1 of 3 reminder letters (positive frame, negative frame, or standard hospital prompt) to 929 randomly selected women who were due for mammography screening and had been identified as having either a positive or negative family history of breast cancer. The primary hypothesis that women with a positive history would be more responsive to negatively framed messages, whereas women with a negative history would be more responsive to positively framed letters, was not confirmed. The lack of support for predictions derived from prospect theory raises important questions about the generalizability of laboratory research to natural settings.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Child-rearing patterns in depressed, abusive, and normal mothers.

Child-rearing patterns in relation to discipline, emotion regulation, separation-individuation, and level of aspiration differentiated depressed, abusive, and normal mothers. Depressed and abusive mothers both expressed inconsistency, hostility, and protectiveness. Both groups used anxiety and guilt inducing methods but only abusive mothers used them in conjunction with harsh authoritarian practices.

Adult↗