PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Rosaleen A McCarthy

Publications and source records attributed to Rosaleen A McCarthy.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

Form completion across a hemianopic boundary: behindsight?

Patients with homonymous hemianopia may report the completion of forms that overlap the vertical meridian of their field defects. While previous investigations of "hemianopic completion" have variously attributed to the disorder to inattention, residual vision or unstable fixation, we believe that our investigation has controlled for such potentially confounding factors. We report patient P.O.V. who experienced hemianopic completion in everyday life following a surgical lesion of his left occipital lobe. He showed normal spatial attention and normal spatial orienting: hemianopic completion can therefore occur in the absence of inattention. His completion was retinotopic and affected partial as well as complete forms: his hemianopic completion cannot be attributed to residual visual input or poor fixation. P.O.V.'s completion was also systematically affected by varying stimulus contrast and pattern masking. We argue that while other explanations may be appropriate for different cases, P.O.V.'s hemianopic completion reflects normal "constructive" visual processes and can be attributed to the unconstrained operation of visual routines that are normally involved in the perception of partially occluded forms. As such, this disorder has the potential to shed light on some of the most basic aspects of visual perception.

Aged↗

Remembering and forgetting of semantic knowledge in amnesia: a 16-year follow-up investigation of RFR.

We report our long-term follow-up investigations of RFR, a post-encephalitic case of very grave anterograde and retrograde amnesia. We also describe the results of quantitative neuroimaging of his brain injury that showed bilateral and severe reduction in the hippocampal formation and medial temporal structures with sparing of left lateral/posterior and right posterior temporal cortex. We established that RFR had a persistent severe anterograde and retrograde amnesia for personal and public events. His personal semantic knowledge was relatively spared for the retrograde period. There was a modest and global reduction in RFR's vocabulary for words acquired in adulthood before he became amnesic but there was no evidence of any retrograde gradient. His retrograde knowledge of people was also without any gradient. Remarkably, there had been no change in the extent of his semantic knowledge across a prolonged re-test interval indicating that the loss of semantic knowledge was stable and likely to have arisen at the time of his initial lesion. RFR also showed evidence of a limited but significant ability to acquire new word meanings and a more restricted capacity for learning about new celebrities. While he was able to demonstrate face and name familiarity for newly famous people, he was unable to provide much semantic detail. RFR's amnesia can be partially explained by contemporary theories that allow for parallel cortical and hippocampal memory systems but is difficult to reconcile in detail with any extant view.

Aged↗

2D but not 3D: pictorial-depth deficits in a case of visual agnosia.

Patients with visual agnosia exhibit acquired impairments in visual object recognition, that may or may not involve deficits in low-level perceptual abilities. Here we report a case (patient DM) who after head injury presented with object-recognition deficits. He still appears able to extract 2D information from the visual world in a relatively intact manner; but his ability to extract pictorial information about 3D object-structure is greatly compromised. His copying of line drawings is relatively good, and he is accurate and shows apparently normal mental rotation when matching or judging objects tilted in the picture-plane. But he performs poorly on a variety of tasks requiring 3D representations to be derived from 2D stimuli, including: performing mental rotation in depth, rather than in the picture-plane; judging the relative depth of two regions depicted in line-drawings of objects; and deciding whether a line-drawing represents an object that is 'impossible' in 3D. Interestingly, DM failed to show several visual illusions experienced by normals (Muller-Lyer and Ponzo), that some authors have attributed to pictorial depth cues. Taken together, these findings indicate a deficit in achieving 3D intepretations of objects from 2D pictorial cues, that may contribute to object-recognition problems in agnosia.

Adult↗