Biomedical subjects

Roseann M Lyle

Publications and source records attributed to Roseann M Lyle.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Energy restriction with different protein quantities and source: implications for innate immunity.

OBJECTIVE: Physical age, energy restriction (ER), and weight loss have been reported to suppress indices of innate immunity, which may increase the risk of illness. To evaluate these interactions, we recruited older, postmenopausal women (50 to 80 years) to fill one of the following 9-week ER (1250 kcal/d) groups: beef [n = 14; reported intakes 46% carbohydrate (CHO):24% protein (PRO):30% fat], chicken (n = 15; 51% CHO:25% PRO:24% fat), or CHO (n = 14; 59% CHO:17% PRO:24% fat), or a non-intervention control (n = 11). RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Fasting blood was collected before and after ER to determine leukocyte phenotype, neutrophil oxidative burst capacity, natural killer cell activity, stimulated interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma production, and blood zinc and iron concentrations. RESULTS: No significant effects of ER (8.6% weight loss) or PRO quantity and source were found for the majority of indices of innate immunity. Small but significant (p < 0.05) declines in interleukin-2 production were found in the chicken and CHO groups only; however, the clinical significance of this finding is not known. DISCUSSION: In the present study, 9 weeks of moderate ER did not suppress immunity in postmenopausal women. Also, contrary to our hypothesis, differential zinc and iron intakes did not significantly alter immunity.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Effect of 1-year dairy product intervention on fat mass in young women: 6-month follow-up.

OBJECTIVE: Previous results from this laboratory suggest that a 1-year dairy intake intervention in young women does not alter fat mass. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the 1-year dairy intervention 6 months after completion of the intervention. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Previously, normal-weight young women (n = 154) were randomized to one of three calcium intake groups: control (<800 mg/d), medium dairy (1000 to 1100 mg/d), or high dairy (1300 to 1400 mg/d) for a 1-year trial (n = 135 completed). In the current study, 51 women were assessed 6 months after completion of the intervention trial. Body compositions (body fat, lean mass) were measured using DXA. Self-report questionnaires were utilized to measure activity and dietary intake (kilocalories, calcium). RESULTS: The high-dairy group (n = 19) maintained an elevated calcium intake (1027 +/- 380 mg/d) at 18 months compared with the control group (n = 18, 818 +/- 292; p = 0.02). Mean calcium intake over the 18 months predicted a negative change in fat mass (p = 0.04) when baseline BMI was controlled in regression analysis (model R(2) = 0.11). 25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels were correlated with fat mass at each time-point (baseline, r = -0.41, p = 0.003; 12 months, r = -0.42, p = 0.002; 18 months, r = -0.32, p = 0.02) but did not predict changes in fat mass. DISCUSSION: Dietary calcium intake over 18 months predicted a negative change in body fat mass. Thus, increased dietary calcium intakes through dairy products may prevent fat mass accumulation in young, healthy, normal-weight women.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed2005

Dietary calcium intake protects women consuming oral contraceptives from spine and hip bone loss.

CONTEXT: It is estimated that 80% of all women have used oral contraceptives (OCP), but OCP use may prevent attainment of maximal peak bone mass in young women and thus increase the risk of osteoporosis later in life. OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether increased calcium intake could reduce the detrimental effects of OCP use on bone mass in young women. DESIGN: The study design was a 1-yr intervention. SETTING: The study was performed in a general community setting. SUBJECTS: One hundred fifty-four young (18-30 yr old) healthy women with a dietary calcium intake of less than 800 mg/d began the study, and 135 completed the trial. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three diet intervention groups: 1) control, continuous established (<800 mg/d) dietary calcium intake; 2) medium dairy, increase calcium intake to approximately 1000-1100 mg/d; and 3) high dairy, increase calcium intake to approximately 1200-1300 mg/d. Randomization was stratified by OCP use. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were total body bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC); total hip BMD, BMC, and bone area; and spine BMD, BMC, and bone area. RESULTS: Dairy product intervention positively impacted the percentage change in total hip BMD and BMC. In addition, dairy product intake prevented a negative percentage change in total hip and spine BMD in OCP users. CONCLUSION: Dairy product intake, at levels necessary to achieve the recommended intakes of calcium, protected the total hip BMD and spine BMD from loss observed in young healthy women with low calcium intakes who were using OCP.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗

PubMed2005

Dairy products do not lead to alterations in body weight or fat mass in young women in a 1-y intervention.

BACKGROUND: Previous results suggested that increased intake of dairy calcium is associated with reduced weight and fat mass. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether long-term increases in consumption of dairy calcium alter body weight and fat mass in young, healthy women. DESIGN: We used a randomized, 1-y intervention for dairy calcium. Subjects were 155 young (aged 18-30 y), healthy, normal-weight women with intake of dietary calcium < 800 mg/d and energy intake </= 2200 kcal/d. Women were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: 1) control: continue established dietary intake; 2) medium dairy: substitute dairy products to achieve intake of calcium of approximately 1000-1100 mg/d and maintain isocaloric intake; 3) high dairy: substitute dairy products to achieve intake of calcium of 1300-1400 mg/d and maintain isocaloric intake. The main outcome measures were 1-y changes in body weight (in kg) and fat mass (in kg). One hundred thirty-five women completed the trial. RESULTS: Mean intakes of calcium during the intervention were 742.4 +/- 321.5, 1026.4 +/- 311.3, and 1131.29 +/- 337.2 mg/d for the control, medium-dairy, and high-dairy groups, respectively (P < 0.0001). No significant differences were observed in the mean 1-y change in body weight between the control, medium-dairy, and high-dairy groups (0.8 +/- 2.8, 0.7 +/- 3.0, and 1.5 +/- 4.1 kg, respectively; P = 0.45). No significant differences were observed in the mean 1-y change in fat mass between the control, medium-dairy, and high-dairy groups (-0.5 +/- 2.5, 0.3 +/- 2.7, and 0.5 +/- 3.5 kg, respectively; P = 0.26). CONCLUSION: Increased intake of dairy products does not alter body weight or fat mass in young, healthy women over 1 y.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2005

Fat oxidation and its relation to serum parathyroid hormone in young women enrolled in a 1-y dairy calcium intervention.

BACKGROUND: Increased dietary calcium is associated with changes in body composition. One proposed mechanism is that dietary calcium increases fat oxidation, potentially via regulation of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to determine whether acute or chronic increased dairy calcium intakes alter postprandial whole-body fat oxidation and whether the increased intake is related to changes in PTH concentrations. DESIGN: Normal-weight women aged 18-30 y were randomly assigned to a low (<800 mg/d, control; n = 10) or high (1000-1400 mg/d; n = 9) dietary calcium intake group for 1 y. Whole-body fat oxidation was assessed by measuring respiratory gas exchange after each subject consumed 2 isocaloric liquid meals containing 100 or 500 mg Ca at baseline and 1 y. Fasting serum PTH was measured at baseline and 1 y. RESULTS: The mean 1-y change in fat oxidation was higher in the high-calcium group than in the low-calcium control group after a low-calcium meal (0.10 +/- 0.05 compared with 0.005 +/- 0.04 g/min; P < 0.001) and a high-calcium meal (0.06 +/- 0.05 compared with 0.03 +/- 0.04 g/min; P < 0.05). The 1-y change in serum log PTH was negatively associated with the 1-y change in postprandial fat oxidation after a high-calcium meal (partial r = -0.46, P < 0.04) when controlled for the1-y change in total body fat mass. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a chronic diet high in dairy calcium increases whole-body fat oxidation from a meal, and increases in fasting serum PTH relate to decreases in postprandial whole-body fat oxidation.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2003

Factors associated with weight concerns and unhealthy eating patterns among young Korean females.

To identify factors associated with weight concerns and unhealthy eating patterns among young Korean females, previously validated Korean versions of the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 (EDI-2), and the Bulimia Test-Revised (BULIT-R), were administered to 533 Korean female students. Multiple regression analyses revealed five and six potential multidimensional risk factors for anorexia and bulimia nervosa, respectively. Further, logistic regression analyses identified six and five potential multidimensional risk factors for bulimia nervosa and dieters, respectively. Effective prevention strategies, for decreasing future prevalence rates of clinical eating disorders in Korea, should target these identified risk factors for unhealthy eating patterns among Korean female students.

Journal Article↗