Biomedical subjects

Rui Gu

Publications and source records attributed to Rui Gu.

14 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

The efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation interventions in obsessive-compulsive disorder management: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been widely used as an alternative treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the most effective NIBS parameters are unclear. To compare the efficacy of NIBS in OCD. We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analyses (NMA) to combine direct and indirect comparisons of NIBS.Systematic searches were conducted in Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception to June 20, 2025. Forty-two randomized sham-controlled trials (n = 1456) were included. All statistical analyses were conducted with R statistical software. Bayesian NMAs mainly using the BUGSnet package and gemtc package. Five NIBS protocols produced statistically significant reductions in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) scores compared with sham stimulation: high-frequency rTMS over the FzFCz (Hf-rTMS-FzFCz; MD -11.77, 95% CrI -20.62 to -3.09), low-frequency rTMS over F3F4 (Lf-rTMS-F3F4; MD -9.93, 95% CrI -18.07 to -1.65), low-frequency rTMS over FCz (Lf-rTMS-FCz; MD -3.25, 95% CrI -6.06 to -0.40), high-frequency deep TMS over FzFC (Hf-dTMS-FzFC; MD -6.48, 95% CrI -12.32 to -0.50), and 2 mA anodal tDCS over F3 with cathodal over Fp2 (MD -9.34, 95% CrI -16.01 to -3.03).For secondary outcomes, high-frequency deep rTMS over FzFCz produced the largest reduction both in depressive symptoms (SMD -1.24, 95% CrI -1.92 to -0.55) and anxiety scores (SMD -1.88, 95% CrI -2.62 to -1.11), but had no effect on Clinical Global Impression-Severity (CGI-S) scores.Specific NIBS protocols are safe and effective adjunctive treatments for OCD, with promising yet inconclusive improvements in comorbid depressive symptoms. Further high-quality, head-to-head trials are needed.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

Adolescent lumbar disc herniation and hamstring tightness: review of 16 cases.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical characteristics and responses to surgical and conservative treatments of lumbar disc herniation in adolescents with hamstring tightness. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The incidence of hamstring tightness in adolescent lumbar disc herniation is much higher than that of adults. Hamstring tightness has been reported to result from nerve root or cauda equina irritation. But the clinical characteristics, prognosis, and etiologic mechanism of hamstring tightness has not been clearly investigated. METHODS: Sixteen consecutive adolescents (age range, 12-18 years; mean, 15.8 years) with lumbar disc herniation were analyzed. Among them, there were 10 cases with hamstring tightness. Clinical and radiologic findings of the study group were compared with those of the remaining 6 cases. After conservative treatment, 5 cases in the hamstring tightness group were treated with discectomy, and of these, 1 case was treated with shortening osteotomy in the upper part of the bilateral femurs 10 months after the discectomy because of the persisting hamstring tightness. Another 5 discectomies were done in the nonhamstring tightness group. All patients were observed for a mean of 2.7 years (range, 0.8-6 years). RESULTS: In all patients, the neurologic defects were improved shortly after the treatment, but the hamstring tightness continued and remained even after 1 year. The patient who underwent femoral osteotomy showed improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of hamstring tightness in adolescent lumbar disc herniation is high. The physical examination findings and prognoses of patients with hamstring tightness are different from those of simple disc herniation patients. The hamstring tightness appeared to have developed from a different mechanism.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Dynamic canal encroachment of ligamentum flavum: an in vitro study of cadaveric specimens.

OBJECTIVE: In extension of the cervical spine, the ligamentum flavum (LF) may bulge and intrude into the vertebral canal and cause symptoms of myelopathy and/or radiculopathy in patients with canal stenosis. Knowledge of the relationship between the extension angle and the physiologic changes of the LF is important for a better understanding of the clinical symptoms. The current study was designed to demonstrate the dynamic correlativity of canal intrusion of the LF bulge with the extension angle of the cervical spine. METHODS: With a novel method, the probe of the electrical resistance strain gauge was put into the cervical canals of 14 cadaveric specimens. The LF bulge distance of six segments (C2-C3 to C7-T1) and corresponding extension angles of every 5 degrees from 0 degrees to 45 degrees were collected. Angle-bulge curves were drawn. RESULTS: In overextension (45 degrees ), C5-C6 had the biggest canal intrusion depth (3.478+/-0.527 mm), whereas the upper and lower segments declined gradually (C5-C6>C4-C5>C6-C7>C3-C4>C7-T1>C2-C3). The curves in all segments were sigmoidal, which demonstrated the dynamic change of LF, that is, during the process of extension, LF shortened and contracted first, after the original length was reached, it began to bulge and burst into the canal. CONCLUSION: The current study has provided a method to measure inner canal kinematic changes in intact spinal specimens.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

[Quality standard for Xindi soft capsule].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the quality control standard of Xindi soft capsule. METHOD: Quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin were isolated by TLC with chloroform-ethyl formate-formic acid (5:4:1). The chromatographic separation was performed on a Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). Acetonitrile-water-phosphoric (30:70:0.1) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1 mL x min(-1) and column temperature was set at 40 degrees C. The UV detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. RESULT: Quercetin, Kaempferol and Isorhamnetin could be identified by TLC. Quercetin showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.412-1.648 microg, r = 0.999 9, the average recovery was 96.8%, and RSD was 0.9% (n = 6). Kaempferol showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.021-0.083 microg, r = 0.999 8, the average recovery was 96.9%, and RSD was 2.0% (n = 6). Isorhamnetin showed a good linear relationship at a range of 0.183-0.732 microg, r = 0.999 9, the average recovery was 97.1%, and RSD was 1.6% (n = 6). CONCLUSION: The method is accurate with the good reproducibility and can be used for the quality control of Xindi soft capsule.

Capsules↗

PubMed2005

[Present situation of research on auditory neuropathy in China].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical diagnosis of auditory neuropathy by retrospective review of the articles published in Chinese Journals in the past 10 years. METHODS: The key word of "auditory neuropathy" was used to search all of the articles published in Chinese Journals by the Chinese Bio-medicine Literature Data Base and Chinese Journal Net from 1995 to 2004. The selected subjects of auditory function examination, diagnosis standards were analyzed, respectively. RESULTS: Forty-two articles were collected, and 23 articles were clinical researches and case reports. There were 573 patients (1146 ears) in all series, and 480 ears (42%) were accords with the standards of diagnosis of auditory neuropathy. Others were accompanied by cochlea, brain stem and peripheral nerve disorders. CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestation and hearing examination on auditory neuropathy in Chinese journal literatures is inconsistent with the diagnosis standards, moreover, it is necessary to further explore the pathological location and unify the diagnosis standards of auditory neuropathy.

Bibliometrics↗

PubMed2005

[Multiple-factor analysis of weight gain in very low birth weight infants].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlative factors of weight gain in very low birth weight infants (VLBW). METHODS: Fifty-one cases of VLBW from July 1998 to March 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Twenty two cases were small for gestational age (SGA) and 29 cases were appropriate for gestational age (AGA). The age of first feeding was (2.35 +/- 2.29) d. Caloric intake was (377.61 +/- 121.50) kJ/(kg.d) [(90.25 +/- 29.04) kcal/(kg.d)] and protein intake was (2.18 +/- 0.83) g/(kg.d). The age of birth weight regained was (7.41 +/- 3.57) d and the velocity of weight gain was (16.38 +/- 9.29) g/d or (12.63 +/- 7.15) g/(kg.d). Single factor analysis found that early feeding and caloric supply and protein supply had significant influence on weight gain (P < 0.05). The result of multivariate linear analysis showed that the significant risk factors were associated with supply of calorie and protein. The equation was Y (weight gain) = -6.426 + 0.120X(1) (caloric supply) + 3.737X(2) (protein supply) (P < 0.01). The caloric supply of the cases that achieved the nutritional goal was (468.19 +/- 67.11) kJ/(kg.d), [(111.90 +/- 16.04) kcal/(kg.d)], and that with enteral nutrition and partial parenteral nutrition was [(520.62 +/- 21.59) kJ/(kg.d)], [(124.43 +/- 5.16) kcal/(kg.d), (451.49 +/- 68.41) kJ/(kg.d)], [(107.98 +/- 16.35) kcal/(kg.d)] respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The mean rank of time of birth weight regaining, the time in hospital stay and duration of parenteral nutrition providing at least 75% of the total daily fluid volume was 18.58, 20.24 and 20.11 in the group of early feeding, and it was 33.00, 32.48 and 31.83 in the group of late feeding, respectively. There were significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Sufficient supply of calorie and protein should be ensured in VLBW infants, especially in SGA and severely ill infants. It was very important to feed VLBW infants as early as possible, which could improve feeding tolerance and gastrointestinal maturation. VLBW infants should receive parenteral nutrition as supplements to enteral feeding.

Enteral Nutrition↗

PubMed2004

Correlation of cochlear blood supply with mitochondrial DNA common deletion in presbyacusis.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships between cochlear hypoxia, mitochondrial (mt) DNA4977 deletion and metabolic features of mtDNA in presbyacusis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty-seven temporal bones from a presbyacusis group, an age-matched control group and a young and middle-aged control group were involved in the experiment. Nested and tri-nested polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) were applied to test for the presence of the mtDNA4977 deletion. Computer imaging processing was used to measure blood vessel parameters in the internal acoustic meatus (IAM). RESULTS: The mtDNA4977 deletion was detected in 17/34 ears in the presbyacusis group, 4/19 ears in the age-matched control group and 0/14 ears in the young and middle-aged control group. In the presbyacusis group, the lumen of the vasa nervorum of the IAM showed a more severe narrowing in cases with than without the mtDNA4977 deletion. CONCLUSION: The high incidence of the mtDNA4977 deletion in the temporal bones of presbyacusis patients suggests a correlation between the mtDNA4977 deletion and presbyacusis. Hypoxia of the cochlea may cause the mtDNA4977 deletion and other mtDNA mutants and furthermore may cause a reduction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and decreased function of the acoustic neural system. The symptoms of presbyacusis may occur when the function of the acoustic neural system is impaired as a result of abnormal mtDNA metabolism reaching a particular threshold.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

[Evaluation of the clinical studies of prevention and treatment of sudden deafness in China].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize and evaluate the current situation on sudden deafness in China by retrospective review of the articles appeared in Chinese journals in the past 3 years. METHODS: The terms of sudden deafness and therapy were used to search all of the articles on the therapy of sudden deafness through the Chinese bio-medicine literature data base and Chinese journal net from 2000 - 2002. All of the articles were analyzed according to the standards of evidence-based medicine. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-six articles were collected. 126 were on the curative effect of medicine, of which 26 (20.6%) based on the diagnosis and therapy standards settled by the otolaryngology branch of Chinese medical association in 1996, 89 (70.6%) were controlled clinical trials and 36 (28.5%) were randomized controlled trials. Most of the articles mentioned the 5 items diagnosis based and not detailed weather hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia were excluded. CONCLUSIONS: There are many articles on the therapy of sudden deafness. However, the inconsistent understanding of the prognosis and evaluation and unstuck trial design limited the therapy, research and the standards of literature on sudden deafness to progress further.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed2004

[Inferior vestibular nerve impairment in auditory neuropathy].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if auditory neuropathy have inferior vestibular nerve (IVN) lesion and to explore the relation between AN and the IVN lesion by vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). METHODS: VEMPs were observed in 13 patients with auditory neuropathy. And the relation among the duration, hearing threshold of lower frequency and speech discrimination score with VEMPs were observed. RESULTS: Fifty-four percent patients in auditory neuropathy had abnormal VEMPs. They took the form of lower amplitude and no response. The statistical analysis showed that the abnormality of VEMPs had no correlation with lower frequency hearing loss, the duration and speech discrimination score. CONCLUSIONS: The IVN dysfunction may coexist with auditory neuropathy, having lesion in the IVN. However, there was no significant relation between the severity of AN and VEMPs, which meant that AN and inferior vestibular neuropathy had their independence to some extent.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Familial auditory neuropathy.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Auditory neuropathy is a sensorineural hearing disorder characterized by absent or abnormal auditory brainstem responses and normal cochlear outer hair cell function as measured by otoacoustic emission recordings. Many risk factors are thought to be involved in its etiology and pathophysiology. Four Chinese pedigrees with familial auditory neuropathy were presented to demonstrate involvement of genetic factors in the etiology of auditory neuropathy. STUDY DESIGN: Probands of the above-mentioned pedigrees, who had been diagnosed with auditory neuropathy, were evaluated and followed in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China People Liberation Army General Hospital (Beijing, China). Their family members were studied, and the pedigree maps established. METHODS: History of illness, physical examination, pure-tone audiometry, acoustic reflex, auditory brainstem responses, and transient evoked and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions were obtained from members of these families. Some subjects received vestibular caloric testing, computed tomography scan of the temporal bone, and electrocardiography to exclude other possible neuropathic disorders. RESULTS: In most affected patients, hearing loss of various degrees and speech discrimination difficulties started at 10 to 16 years of age. Their audiological evaluation showed absence of acoustic reflex and auditory brainstem responses. As expected in auditory neuropathy, these patients exhibited near-normal cochlear outer hair cell function as shown in distortion product otoacoustic emission recordings. Pure-tone audiometry revealed hearing loss ranging from mild to profound in these patients. Different inheritance patterns were observed in the four families. In Pedigree I, 7 male patients were identified among 43 family members, exhibiting an X-linked recessive pattern. Affected brothers were found in Pedigrees II and III, whereas in pedigree IV, two sisters were affected. All the patients were otherwise normal without evidence of peripheral neuropathy at the time of writing. CONCLUSION: Patients with characteristics of nonsyndromic hereditary auditory neuropathy were identified in one large and three smaller Chinese families. Pedigree analysis suggested an X-linked, recessive hereditary pattern in one pedigree and autosomal recessive inheritances in the other three pedigrees. The phenotypes in the study were typical of auditory neuropathy; they were transmitted in different inheritance patterns, indicating clinical and genetic heterogeneity of this disorder. The observed inheritance and clinical audiological findings are different from those previously described for nonsyndromic low-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. This information should facilitate future molecular linkage analyses and positional cloning for the relative genes contributing to auditory neuropathy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Phanerogenetic retrocochlear low frequency hearing loss].

OBJECTIVE: To study the pathogenisis of retrocochlear low frequency hearing loss. METHODS: Clinical and audiologic findings [auditory brainstem response (ABR), evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE), et al] of 29 cases with retrocochlear low frequency hearing loss were studied. RESULTS: The head injury, acoustic neuroma, peripheral neurophathy, hereditary hear loss, multiple sclerosis and brainstem disease can cause retrocochlear low frequency hearing loss. The typical clinical manifestations of retrocochlear low frequency hearing loss were normal EOAE which cannot be suppressed by contralateral white noise, but with abnormal ABR as well as with no acoustic reflex and -SP/AP > 0.44. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that phanerogenetic retrocochlear low frequency hearing loss should be a syndrome rather than a disease called "auditory neuropathy". The main lesions of the disease are brainstem, cochlear nuclei and auditory nerve.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Protective effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on auditory hair cells after noise exposure.

The purpose of this study was to observe the protective effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the cells of the inner ear using in vivo experiments. The studies were carried out using guinea pigs in which bFGF or artificial perilymph was perfused into the cochlea. The compound action potential (CAP) was measured before and after exposure to a sound simulating an explosion. The difference in CAP was significant between the bFGF-perfused group and the control group (p < 0.01, t = 3.896) and between the bFGF-perfused group and the artificial perilymph-perfused group (p < 0.05, t = 2.520). The cochleae were removed and hair cell loss estimated from surface preparations. Acoustic trauma caused loss of outer hair cells in the first and second turns of the cochlea in the bFGF-perfused group and the artificial perilymph-perfused group and partial loss of inner hair cells in the control group. Treatment with bFGF reduced the loss of inner hair cells compared to that of control animals. Our results demonstrate that treatment with bFGF protects the hair cells from acoustic trauma and may facilitate the recovery of hearing.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

[A report on a large family with X-linked recessive nonsyndromic hereditary low frequency neuropathic hearing impairment].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the genetic causes of low frequency neuropathic hearing impairment. METHODS: Using the network established by our institute, the proband of the low frequency neuropathic hearing loss pedigree was found. Then, investigation was carried out in the family from the proband. Cyrillic 2.1 software was set up to draw the pedigree and genetic characterization and phenotypes were analyzed in this family. RESULTS: One-hundred and one alive family members were investigated and the clinic audiologic examinations were performed in 43 of 101 individuals. Six of forty-three individuals appeared to be low frequency neuropathic hearing loss and all patients were males without systemic disorders except hearing loss. The clinic phenotypes were mild, middle, severe and profound hearing loss with disappearing of the auditory brainstem response(ABR) and partial normal results of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) in the affected individuals. The onset of hearing loss was at 10-16 years old and the age of all patients was arranged from 18 to 26 years old. CONCLUSION: A large five generations family with hereditary low frequency neuropathic hearing impairment was found in our study. The genetic pattern in this family is male dominant X-linked recessive (XR) nonsyndromic hearing loss. Our findings suggest that some low frequency neuropathic disorders might be attributed to genetic factors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Inner hair cells isolation and morphological observation].

OBJECTIVE: To set up an effective technique for isolating the single inner hair cells (IHCs) and observe morphological features to distinguish IHCs from other hair cells (OHCs) in vitro. METHODS: Surface preparations contained rows of OHCs and IHCs were prepared from guinea pigs. The cluster and single IHCs were separated microsurgically combination with an enzymatic digestion. The clusters of IHCs were separated using two fine electrodes and transferred by a gentle suction using a glass micropipette. RESULTS: On the average, one guinea pig cochlear yielded approximately 30 to 50 viable solitary IHCs. The cell body of the IHCs was pear or flask shape. The nucleus was located in the central of the cell body, and the cytoplasm was filled with the structured and scattered rough granules. The stereocilia were seen in the most of IHCs (93 out of 98). The stereocilia were aligned, almost lineally or in a "C" shape, in one side on the surface of the cuticular plate. The tight neck and the angle between the cuticular plate and the axis of the cell were observed in some IHCs but not obvious in most cases, which might be due to the orientation of the cells. The length of isolated IHCs was ranged from 13 to 31 microns and with an average of (22.45 +/- 4.14) micron (mean +/- s, n = 98). The diameter of IHCs was ranged from 7 to 15 microns and with an average of (11.95 +/- 1.59) micron. The length of stereocilia was ranged from 2 to 7.5 microns and with an average of (5.21 +/- 1.00) micron. CONCLUSION: Unambiguous solitary IHCs were successfully harvested from guinea pig cochlea using a microsurgical technique. The tight neck and the angle between the cuticular plate and the axis of the IHCs have been considered as an important landmark to distinguish the IHCs from OHCs.

Animals↗