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Biomedical subjects

Ruth L Goodall

Publications and source records attributed to Ruth L Goodall.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

Interval-censored survival time data: confidence intervals for the non-parametric survivor function.

Survival data are described as interval censored when the failure time is not measured exactly but is known only to have occurred within a defined interval. In this paper, we describe and assess three methods for calculating pointwise confidence intervals for the non-parametric survivor function estimated from interval-censored data: the first based on the full information matrix, the second a modification of this approach involving deletion of rows and columns of the information matrix corresponding to zero estimates prior to inversion and the third based on likelihood ratio inference. In a simulation study the likelihood ratio method gave the most accurate confidence intervals with coverage consistently close to the nominal level of 95 per cent.

Antiviral Agents↗

Adherence to prescribed antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in the PENTA 5 trial.

BACKGROUND: Most studies of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in children have been retrospective or cross-sectional. Factors relating to the caregiver, the child and the medication are all considered to be important for good adherence. METHODS: Adherence with taking prescribed medication was assessed by questionnaires completed at 4, 12, 24 and 48 weeks by caregivers of previously untreated HIV-infected children participating in the PENTA 5 trial, which was designed to evaluate different dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy combinations with and without the protease inhibitor nelfinavir. The effects of several factors on adherence and the effect of adherence on virologic suppression were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Caregivers returned 266 questionnaires including at least 1 for 108 (84%) children in the trial. Nelfinavir was reported to be the most difficult drug to take (38% of questionnaires), but the difficulty decreased over time, P = 0.02. Comments on difficulties in taking and remembering drugs related to fear of disclosure and to unpleasant characteristics of the drugs. Full adherence was reported in 74% of questionnaires, did not change over time and was reported more frequently in children older than 10 years and those with symptomatic HIV disease. More children reporting full adherence achieved HIV RNA <400 copies/ml (e.g. at 48 weeks 79% vs. 50% reporting some nonadherence; overall P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Good adherence with taking prescribed medication was associated with virologic response. Social factors were important in explaining nonadherence.

Adolescent↗